UPS has many meanings as the English abbreviation, computer UPS in Chinese means UPS (United Parcel Service) is originated in Seattle in 1907 to set up a courier company. UPS (Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy) is the vacuum UV source as excitation source, excitation of molecular or atomic valence electron ionization, electron ionization collection inspired by photoelectron spectroscopy. UPS is université paris-sud (Nan Bali University of Paris XI University) for short.
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UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) UPS (uninterruptible power supply) composed of rectifier Overview: Battery: Inverter: Static Switch: UPS features: UPS Express UPS classification of knowledge, power ups How to choose the UPS battery capacity calculation leading supplier of UPS UPS (Express) outlined the extensive application of information technology, logistics and supply chain management throughout the logistics assistance and extension services, the management of e-commerce strategies UPS UPS Asia Pacific University called Introduction to Asia-Pacific Nan Bali UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy)
UPS
[1] UPS English full name Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Vacuum UV source as the excitation source, excitation of molecular or atomic valence electron ionization, electron ionization collection inspired by photoelectron spectroscopy. Excitation sources commonly used in the resonance line of noble gases such as He I, He II. It has good color, high resolution. Analysis of samples can be used to track the outer shell structure, band structure, empty state distribution and surface states, and ion vibration structure, spin splitting, John-Teller splitting and other information. UPS (uninterruptible power supply) UPS outlined in Chinese means work due to power failure or loss of data. In computer systems and network applications, mainly to play two roles: First, emergency use, to prevent a sudden power failure affecting the work, causing damage to the computer; the second is to eliminate the surge on the mains, instantaneous high-voltage, instantaneous low-voltage, wire noise and frequency offset and other UPS is currently divided into on-line form and reserve type, and so, at present, the mainstream UPS manufacturers in Taiwan Epps, Xiamen Branch of China, Foshan BAYKEE (Berkeley), EAST (easy special), Shenzhen Hills, overtop (top) Dongguan excellent Mary electrical UMART, APC, Eaton, Emerson, etc., UPS offers a variety of levels to meet the needs of different user groups.
UPS uninterruptible power supply
[2] [3] [4] the composition of an uninterruptible power supply applications from the basic principles of speaking, UPS is a device with energy storage to the inverter as the main components, the output voltage constant frequency power protection equipment. Mainly by the rectifier, battery, inverter and static switch of several parts. Rectifier: rectifier is a rectifying device, simply means that the AC (AC) into direct current (DC) of the device. It has two main functions: first, to alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC), supplied by the filtered load, or supply inverter; second, to provide battery charging voltage. Therefore, it is also play a role in the charger; Battery: UPS battery is used as energy storage device, which consists of several cells in series, and its size determines its capacity to maintain the discharge (supply) of the time. Its main functions are: 1. When the electricity is normal, the electrical energy into chemical energy stored in the battery inside. 2. When the electricity fails, the chemical energy into electrical energy provided to the inverter or the load; inverter: Popular speaking, the inverter is a kind of DC (DC) into alternating current (AC) of the device. It consists of inverter bridge control logic and filter circuit; static switch: a static switch, also known as static switch, which is a non-contact switch, is to use two SCR (SCR) consisting of a reverse parallel exchange switch, the closed and disconnected from the logic controller. And models into transformational and two. Conversion is mainly used for two-way switching power supply system, its role is to achieve all the way to another road from the automatic switching; and model switch is mainly used in parallel with the mains inverter or multiple inverters. Characteristics of UPS: UPS than diesel generators, small size, high efficiency, no noise and vibration, low maintenance costs, high reliability, but the capacity is relatively small, mainly for the computer center, industrial automation control center and other important place. UPS Express 1.UPS What is knowledge? UPS is a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) the title, is able to provide sustained, stable and uninterrupted power supply to important external devices. In principle, it, UPS is a set of digital and analog circuits, auto-control inverter and maintenance-free energy storage device in one of the power electronic equipment; from a functional point of, UPS can be abnormal in the city, the effective purification electricity; also in the city, sustained period of time when a sudden interruption to supply computers and other equipment, so you can have plenty of time to deal with; from the use of it, with the advent of the information society, UPS is widely used from the information acquisition, transmission, processing, storage to the application of all aspects of its importance with the increasing importance of information applications increased. What kind 2.UPS points? UPS back into style at Work, on-line and online interactive three categories: backup type UPS is the most common, and it has an automatic voltage regulator, UPS power protection, the most basic and most important function, although generally conversion time of about 10ms, the inverter output is a square wave instead of the AC sine wave, but the structure is simple and has a cheap, high reliability, it is widely used in computer, peripherals, POS machines and other fields; on-line UPS more complex structure, but the performance improvement of all power problems can be resolved, its distinguishing feature is the ability to continue to zero output pure sine wave AC power interruption, can solve the spikes, surges, frequency drift, and all the power problems; the need for greater investment often used in critical equipment and network centers of power in the demanding environment; [5] compared to modular UPS UPS has many traditional advantages, one of the development on behalf of UPS, but there are high costs, some products the actual reliability of the theoretical value is not as high, but the safety factor is far more than traditional UPS; study of modular UPS will help improve the reliability for a modular, modular UPS to increase the acceptance among customers, accelerate the development of modular UPS. EAST (easy special) Modular UPS Each module is a stand-alone work of UPS, power complete the optional section, high efficiency and low interference, environmental protection and energy saving, high safety factor. 3. Why is equipped with UPS? According to IDC, 45% of all computer failures caused by power problems; in China, the number of cities the average power of 0.5 times / month, medium-sized city of 2 times / month, a small city or village is 4 times / month there are at least nine power problems: power outages, lightning spikes, surges, frequency of vibration, voltage surge, voltage fluctuation, frequency drift, voltage drop, pulse interference; so from the perspective of improving the power quality to the computer is equipped with a UPS very necessary. In addition, the precision of network equipment and communications equipment is not allowed to have continuous power to the server as the core of the network center will be equipped with UPS is self-evident, even in an ordinary computer, the use of the data files after three months The value of such software is worth more than the hardware, so as to prevent data loss and with UPS is also very necessary. 4. I should be equipped with any kind of UPS? The case of the device, the electrical environment and want to achieve power conservation purposes, you can select the appropriate UPS; such as built-in switching power supply is generally low-power devices use standby type UPS, in the harsh electrical environment where more should be used online or on-line interactive UPS, which does not allow interruption of the required time or time sine wave AC equipment, you can only use on-line UPS. 5. I should be equipped with more powerful UPS? First make sure your device is more powerful, in general, ordinary PC, or industrial machines around 200W of power in the Apple machine is about 300W, 300W and 600W in between servers and other equipment, the power values refer to the device the instructions. Secondly, we should understand the UPS's rated power, there are two representations: apparent power (in VA) and the actual output power (in W), because there is so reactive power contributed to this difference, the conversion relationship between the two: as the Power * Power Factor = the actual output power back-up style, on-line interactive power factor between 0.5 and 0.7, on-line power factor is generally 0.8. UPS equipment should be allocated to the UPS output power to match the actual basis, some dealers may intentionally or unintentionally confused (VA) and (W) of the difference between this point to draw the user attention. 6. UPS's If you need more equipment with UPS, you can use far, you also need a separate cable laying, large data centers, control centers often used this way, although manageable, but the cost is higher. UPS's program, so with a lower cost and high reliability. Advantages and disadvantages of the two power supply as follows: concentration of power supply: easy to manage, wiring for high, low reliability and high cost. Decentralized power supply: the inconvenience management, cabling require low, high reliability and low cost. UPS's with more professional knowledge required, consult professionals who will provide you with well-designed program. 7. Why did UPS have to buy the brand? UPS product features is to protect, to the user, UPS protection equipment is often the last line of defense and data security, compared to other products, have such strength. UPS market in China is thriving, world-renowned brands basically have entered China, such as the MGE from Europe, from the United States, Powerware, APC, etc., foreign brands have a certain advantage in technology, while the price is also more expensive, its main focus on market share of the market in high-power UPS (10KVA and above); Since the nineties of last century, a number of excellent domestic brands have sprung up everywhere in the UPS market, with the constant pursuit of technical production and localization service advantage , has made remarkable achievements, has become the main force in small and medium power UPS market. 8.UPS reserve the duration is determined by what? UPS energy storage device by the decision, and now the UPS is generally maintenance-free with full sealed lead-acid battery as the energy storage device, the size of the battery capacity by the required to discharge the current time. The same voltage of the battery, safety capacity when a large number; the same number of hours of battery safety, high voltage, large capacity, voltage, and safety is usually the number of hours that the battery capacity of the common, such as 12V/7AH, 12V/24AH, 12V / 65AH, 12V/100AH. General built-in backup-type UPS 4AH or 7AH battery, the standby time is fixed;-line and line interactive UPS has a built-7AH battery standard models, but also outside the large-capacity battery with a long-term model, the user can needed to achieve with a little spare time to determine the capacity of the battery. UPS battery is an important part of the account for a large proportion of the value, and its quality directly related to UPS's normal use, it should be carefully chosen for quality assurance of genuine batteries. 9. What precautions to use UPS? 1) UPS's use of the environment should pay attention to ventilation, heat dissipation, and keep the environment clean. 2) Do not bring inductive load, such as cash registers, fluorescent lights, air conditioning so as to avoid damage. 3) UPS output load control 60% of the best, most reliable. 4) UPS load is too light (such as the UPS with 100VA 1000VA load) may cause the battery depth of discharge, will reduce the battery life, should be avoided. 5) Appropriate discharge, will help activate the battery, such as long-term non-stop electricity, every three months to be artificially cut off electricity to use a UPS with a load discharge, which can extend battery life. 6) For most small UPS, work to open UPS, load at boot time to avoid the start, work should be shut down UPS; room for the network UPS, because most of the network is 24 hours,
nike air force 1 high, so the UPS must be all-weather running. 7) UPS charging time after discharge, to avoid battery damage due to excessive self-discharge. The working principle of a PS series. PS Series advantages of high frequency of the first, PS Series UPS for the partial lifting of the input mains frequency isolation transformer or step-down autotransformer used, while the use of high frequency SPWM technology Rectifier (AC / DC .) On the one hand raised to allow the utility voltage range; the other hand, control the use of digital signal processor (DSP) control of the input current sinusoidal and in phase with the mains voltage, UPS in order to achieve high input power factor (PF ≈ 1), the elimination of mains harmonic Second, the abandonment of the traditional inverter output frequency transformers, high frequency transformer to achieve electrical isolation of UPS and the city, not only low noise and high efficiency output stage in the UPS inverter control circuit in the direct feedback using sine wave so adjust the high-speed, far better than traditional analog feedback techniques, coupled with little more than the output filter and 20kHz SPWM modulation, the UPS is very good dynamic response, and very pure sine wave output and smooth. In addition, inverter protection circuit protection with excellent performance filter technology, inverter overload not only has strong capabilities, but also has a strong self-protection; PS Series UPS battery also taken within the high-frequency transformation method charge when the mains power failure, UPS battery conversion on the grounds when the inverter power supply step-down approach is also taken to transform high-frequency (DC / DC) implementation. II. PS series of intelligent edge, intelligent UPS system status, including automatic identification and control, system fault diagnosis, automatic battery monitoring and management, intelligent detection and display internal information. Running in the system identification and control, through an internal sensor and state logic in a timely manner in which the operating state recognition system to determine whether the system operational procedures and operating properly, effectively preventing the misuse of the system itself and the load on the system caused by hazards, improve the reliability of UPS. Another aspect of intelligent UPS by running on the PC, the monitor software, the UPS through RS232 interface with the PC serial port connection, and run on PC, UPS monitoring software, PC, regularly sent by the query command, UPS within the specified time in the operating parameters return information, then the PC, further the operational status of UPS, failure to determine the specific location, etc., and, when necessary, UPS issued a directive to intervene and remind the maintenance personnel, and UPS power supply time the automatic stay before the end of the operation of the computer or local area network, and on-site information is automatically save the file. III. PS Series advantages of network monitoring a large number of the introduction of micro-processing technology, based on the PS series of four-way UPS and computer networks can establish two-way communication between the regulation and control functions, the UPS as an independent node wide-area network and install communication adapter, to assign a separate IP address of UPS. In this way, network administrators or authorized person anywhere in the network management computer network the same as the situation on the UPS real-time remote monitoring, users can use this control in real time on the computer monitor the UPS network terminal operating parameters (for example, : input, output voltage, current and frequency, UPS battery charge, discharge and display of voltage, UPS output power and the fault, alarm information.) In addition, users can network terminal on the computer output of the implementation of regular UPS automatic start, automatic shutdown, and orderly shutdown to ensure that users of the software and data secure. In short, Stone PS Series UPS using MOSFET and IGBT power components, has successfully achieved the high-frequency, miniaturization and high efficiency, but also extend battery life, and intelligent network technology not only provide complete and reliable network power management, for energy efficiency provides a best solution. Stone can be said to conform to the latest PS Series UPS technology trends, is a very competitive price in the performance of the products, will in China's enterprise UPS market has made remarkable achievements. 12. What is the meaning of the capacity of the battery? Some countries have adopted 20 hours discharge rate (C20) the number of hours of security the size of the battery rated capacity, which at 25 ℃ for 20 hours at constant current discharge to the termination voltage (1.75V / single cell), which is the current multiplied by 20 C20 capacity of the battery, usually expressed by the number of AH. For example, 12V/100AH battery means the battery can 5A (0.05C) discharge to the termination of the current constant voltage 10.5V, continuous discharge of 20 hours. Also note, the battery discharge time and discharge current is not a linear relationship, such as batteries 100AH 100A of the current discharge can not support 1 hour, only tens of minutes; and to 1A of current discharge will exceed 100 hours (not recommended that way discharge). 13. Standard UPS can direct long-acting external battery for UPS use? Not suitable, due to the design standard UPS charge current smaller, the other by the cooling conditions, such as the type of UPS for long-term use, while not achieve the purpose of use, easy on the other hand, UPS, battery adverse influence, and even damage. 14. How to prolong uninterruptible power supply system of the time? Uninterruptible power supply system to extend the time in two ways: 1. External large capacity battery pack: according to the time required for an external power supply capacity of the battery pack accordingly, but it should be noted that this method will cause the battery pack charging time is relatively , while the other will increase the footprint and maintenance costs, it needs to be carefully assessed. 2. Optional larger capacity uninterruptible power supply system: This method not only reduces maintenance costs, if the devices meet the load expansion, a larger capacity UPS system can work immediately. 15. What are the common power problems? What a different solution? There is a common misconception that we use electricity, in addition to occasional outages, is continuous and stable, it is not. Electricity system as a public network, above all kinds of loads connected to the tens of thousands, some of the larger inductive, capacitive, switching power supplies load not only get the power from the grid, the grid itself will in turn cause effects of deterioration in the quality of power supply. Another unexpected natural and man-accidents, such as earthquake, fire, lightning, power transmission system, short circuit, will harm the normal supply of electricity, thus affecting the normal work load. According to experts, the test power grid in the frequent and precision instruments, computers and interfere with or disrupt the problems in the following categories: 1, Surge (power surges): refers to the RMS output voltage higher than the rating of 110%, and the duration of one or more cycles, mainly due to surge in the electricity grid connection of large electrical equipment turned off, the power generated due to sudden unloading of high pressure. 2, high-pressure surge (high voltage spikes): refers to the peak of 6000V, the duration from microseconds to one half cycle (10ms) of the voltage, which was mainly due to lightning, arc discharge, static discharge or large electrical equipment switching elected. 3, the transient overvoltage (switching transients): refers to the peak voltage up to 20000V, but the duration was between one in a million seconds to thousandths of a second pulse voltage, the main reason and the potential damage is similar to high-voltage surge, but there will be differences in the solution. 4, the voltage sag (power sags): refers to the RMS mains voltage rating between 80% to 85% of the low state and the duration of one to several cycles, a large device is turned on, large motor starting or large access to power transformer can cause this problem. 5, noise (electrical line noise): means the radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EFI) and other various high-frequency interference, the motor is running, the relay action, the work of the motor controller, radio transmitter, microwave radiation , and electrical storms, will cause noise. 6, the frequency shift (frequency variation): the change means more than the mains frequency of 3Hz or more, mainly due to the instability of the emergency generator is running, or by the frequency instability due to the power supply. 7, low voltage (brownout): refers to the city below the rated voltage rms, and last a long time, and its causes include: start-up and application of large-scale equipment, the main power line switch to start large motors, circuit overload. 8 electricity interruption (power fai1): means the electricity is interrupted and continued for at least two cycles to a few hours the situation, its causes are: tripping the circuit breaker on the line, electricity supply disruptions, power failures and so on. Electricity for all of these issues, there are several different solutions, see table below for three types of UPS power back-up solution to the problem results
online interactive style of pure-line surge × × / △ ○ high-pressure surge × × / transient over-voltage △ ○ × × / △ ○ voltage sag × × / △ ○ noise × × / △ ○ frequency drift × × / △ ○ low voltage × × / △ ○ city ○ ○ ○ ○ interruption of electricity on behalf of a more △ good protection as the situation on behalf of protection of limited or no protection 16.UPS × behalf of the proper use and maintenance of batteries in the uninterruptible power supply system in the process, people often one-sided that the battery is maintenance-free without additional attention. However, data show that UPS malfunction due to battery failure or not working properly host ratio is about 1 / 3. Thus, strengthening of the UPS battery and maintenance of the proper use of extended battery life and reduce the failure rate of UPS systems has become increasingly important. In addition to matching the regular brand of batteries outside the following aspects should be the proper use and maintenance of batteries: First, maintain the appropriate temperature: an important factor affect the battery life is the ambient temperature, the general requirements of the battery manufacturer is the best temperature In between 20-25 ℃. Although the temperature of the battery discharge capacity has increased, but the cost is greatly reduced battery life. According to experimental measurement, the ambient temperature once more than 25 ℃, is increased by 10 ℃, the battery life will reduce by half. UPS batteries currently used are generally maintenance-free sealed lead-acid battery, universal design life is 5 years, which required the battery manufacturer's environment can be achieved. Not reach the environmental requirements, the length of its life can have a big difference. In addition, the ambient temperature increase will lead to increased chemical activity inside cells, which produce large amounts of heat, in turn prompted the ambient temperature increases, this vicious cycle will be to shorten the battery life. Second, the periodic charge and discharge: UPS power supply in the float voltage and discharge voltage, at the factory have been commissioning rating, while the size of the discharge current increases as the load increases, the use of the load should be a reasonable adjustment, such as controlling the use of computer and other electronic equipment, the number of units. Under normal circumstances, the load should not exceed 60% of rated load UPS. In this context, the battery discharge current will not over-discharge. UPS due to the long and electricity connected, in the supply of high quality, rare power cut in the use of the environment, the battery state of charge on the float for long, long time, it will cause the battery to chemical energy and electrical energy conversion activity decreased with each other to speed up aging and shorten life. Therefore, generally every 2-3 months should be fully discharged once the battery discharge time can be determined capacity and load size. After a full load discharge, required more than 8 hours to recharge. Third, the use of communication: At present, most large and medium-sized UPS are equipped with computer control, communications and procedures can be operating performance. In the corresponding software installed on PC, through serial / parallel port connection UPS, run the program, you can use to communicate between computer and UPS. General with information search, parameter settings, set the timer, automatic shutdown and alarm functions. Through the information query, you can obtain the AC input voltage, UPS output voltage, load utilization, battery capacity utilization, the internal temperature and mains frequency information; by parameter setting, you can set the basic characteristics of UPS, the battery can maintain the time and batteries run out alarm and so on. Through these intelligence operations, greatly facilitates the use of UPS power supply and battery management. UPS UPS as the classification of the importance of computer peripherals, from the initial development of a single function to provide back-up time to the present time to provide back-up and improve the quality of the dual function of power, in the protection of computer data, improving power quality, prevent pollution on power outages and power grid cause harm to other aspects of the user plays an important role. At present, the UPS brand on the market a wide range, but the main structure from the circuit, backup time, input and output, the output waveform and the output capacity of five aspects of its classification, in which the main structure of the classification from the circuit is the most accepted current . UPS back in the early-type normal electricity supply, electricity directly through the bypass and transfer switch AC power to the load, the equivalent of a wire communication bypass, the inverter does not work, at this time but the quality and high efficiency power supply poor. UPS in recent years, often in exchange reserve-style next to the road configuration of the AC voltage regulator circuit and filter circuit to be improved. When the electricity abnormalities (mains voltage, frequency, beyond the back-type input range allowed by UPS or mains break), a backup-type UPS switches to battery through the switch state, the inverter into the working state, this time to AC sine wave output wave or square wave. UPS back-up type switching time exists, usually 4 ms ~ 10 ms, but the work of computer equipment in general will not be affected. UPS work as back-type mostly square wave output waveform, the relatively poor quality of power supply is only applicable to less demanding situations, and power are generally smaller, more watts in 2000. But back style has a price advantage of UPS products, relatively cheap, suitable for small businesses and home office users. How to choose power ups UPS products are financial institutions, the necessary equipment for computer room, is a one-time investment of durable products. Many users of the nominal UPS products and the use of various individual indicators of the lack of comprehensive and objective understanding of technology. A first confirm what you need UPS? Currently there are three types of UPS: UPS products are financial institutions, the necessary equipment for computer room, is a one-time investment of durable products. Many users of the nominal UPS products and the use of various individual indicators of the lack of comprehensive and objective understanding of technology, 1. Make sure you need what kind of UPS? Currently there are several types of UPS: 1. UPS backup type directly in the normal electricity mains power to the load, when mains power beyond its scope of work, or when the switch into the battery through the inverter power supply. It features: simple structure, small size, low cost, but the narrow input voltage range, output voltage accuracy, a switching time, and is generally square wave output waveform. 2. On-line UPS power is normal in the city, municipal power is rectified to provide DC voltage to the inverter work load from the inverter to provide AC power anomalies in the city, the inverter to provide power from the battery, inverter device is always in working condition, to ensure uninterrupted output. Its characteristics are that a very wide input voltage range, no switching time and high output voltage accuracy, especially for higher power requirements on the occasion, but the cost is higher. At present, the UPS 3KVA power than almost all on-line UPS. 3. Line interactive UPS in the normal electricity mains power to the load directly, when electricity is low or too high, passed after the UPS output voltage within the voltage regulator circuit, when abnormal or mains power failure, by switch into battery inverter power supply. Its characteristics are: a wide input voltage range, low noise, small size and other characteristics, but there are also switching time. 4. UPS UPS divided by the size of the output capacity by input / output can be divided into three categories: single-phase input / single phase output, three-phase input / single phase output, three-phase input / three phase output. Single-phase power is defined by a line of fire, a zero line and the power supply system consisting of a ground; three-phase power from three FireWire, zero line and a power supply system composed of a ground, two of which The voltage between the root line of fire (ie, line voltage) is 380V, while the FireWire and the zero line between the voltage (ie phase voltage) is 220V. For users, the three-phase electricity distribution and its easy to load distribution, each bear part of the load current phase is, therefore, the high-power UPS to use more three-phase input / single phase output or three-phase input / three phase output of the power supply. 5. Smart UPS UPS is today a major development trend, with the UPS system in the network application, network managers stressed that the whole network system for the protection of objects, want the whole network system failure in the power supply system can still continue to work without interruption. So UPS to make intelligent microprocessor internal configuration is the new trend of UPS, UPS internal hardware and software combination, significantly improved the function of UPS, UPS can monitor the status of the operation work, such as: UP S output voltage frequency, power grid voltage frequency, battery status and fault records. You can also test the battery by the software to automatically discharge charging, and remote control switch machines. Network managers can analyze power quality based on information, based on the actual situation to take appropriate measures. Detected when the UPS power supply is interrupted, UPS automatically switches to battery power, battery capacity is low in the immediately shut down the server to do the preparatory work and before the battery ran itself off. Intelligent UPS to communicate with the computer through the interface, which allows network administrators to monitor the UPS, so the function of its management software becomes extremely important. Second, you want UPS to determine the power (VA) values the protection of your equipment will mark its Power (w) value or current (A) value. The case of power (w) value of ÷ 0.7 = VA values, such as City Current (A) value × 220 = VA value will get all the equipment the total VA VA values are added, the total VA value plus 20% to 30% capacity or be prepared to UPS VA value of the three optional ups have to be considered an important factor in the spare time to go there ups and ups brand. UPS backup time can be divided in accordance with standard and long-acting. Standard UPS standby time of 5-15 minutes, and long-acting 1-8 hours. If your device is a power failure, just save, exit to that used standard UPS; If your device power failure, still have a long run, that are required to use long-acting UPS. If you are sure the UPS type, capacity, backup time; Next you must determine is which brand to buy UPS. Leave your suggestion here is that you should consider this brand awareness and after-sales warranty, such warranty period, maintenance and response time. UPS ups the core of the history of the power devices are inverters. UPS's history is actually a different history of the inverter devices. Early UP S SCR is used in this UPS inefficient, noisy, bulky. UPS uses the second generation of bipolar transistors, the switching speed can be audio or more. This reduces noise, reduces the volume, but likely to cause secondary breakdown bipolar transistors, so the use of MOSFET produced the third generation of UPS. But its weakness is not easy to do much UPS capacity. In 1982, Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation have successfully developed high-frequency characteristics of field effect, gate-voltage control panels, drive current, and bipolar transistors with high current handling capacity, and many other features of the new power devices, that type of fence bipolar transistor (IGBT). Hills was the first to UPS IGBT technology in the field of vendors, for which UPS had a huge change, a change in the past the image of the kind of big and cumbersome, while the UPS into the possibility of intelligent control. But to further narrow the UPS size and improve inverter efficiency and improve the output characteristics of a variety of UPS, the design frequency of the UPS come to the agenda that people will do the switching frequency of inverter tens of thousands of hertz, so UPS achieve high frequency, this will be the main development trend of UPS. Intelligence is one of the main objectives UPS. Intelligent UPS was only possible to run parts of itself, until all major components for effective monitoring, have been failures with redundant measures to address and improve the reliability of UPS. With the popularization of computer technology and the current global information network is developing rapidly, requires UPS to provide safe, uninterrupted power supply, UPS raised on higher demand. In the local area network (LAN), users often require server to perform a large number of digital computing and access information stored in the server peripherals data, so that the server will seriously affect the operation of all other active nodes in the network operation, so the server failure will jeopardize the entire network . Therefore, network management, paying particular attention to ensure the reliability of the server is running. UPS running on the network early in the approach is a software agent running on the server, the reliability of this method is not high. UPS is currently the most prominent progress in software is to support Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), SNMP adapter connected to a serial port on the UPS, UPS software and general network management system (HPOpenview, IBMNetview and NovellNMS) interconnect interface. Using SNMP management need to establish a UPS UPS Management Information Base (MIB) standard, UPSMIB is collected from the network a lot of information about UPS. INTERNET works by the provisions of the Special Group UPSMIB become the standard may change. Meanwhile, UPS's software products provide a variety of ways, such as pagers, FAX, and E-MAIL various news reports to the network administrator to deal with the problem may occur at any time. In order to reduce energy waste, the system can be arranged at the weekend off, restart Monday; In addition, UPS software can provide periodic testing to ensure the reliability of UPS and battery. At present, some of the major UPS manufacturers in the world competition as the computer company as a software development center set up, and with a good software engineer. In the development of computer technology, computer operating systems and communication protocols continue to improve, enhance and improve the UPS requires intelligent technology to adapt it. Pursuit of the perfect technology of intelligent UPS, UPS will be the development trend. In summary, high frequency and intelligent UPS will be the main direction of development. Can be expected in the near future, UPS will be more reduced size, the performance is more superior, more humane. 1 UPS battery capacity calculation method to calculate the maximum battery discharge current: I Maximum = Pcosф / (η * E critical * N) Note: P → UPS power supply, the nominal output power cosф → UPS output power factor power supply (UPS General to 0.8) η → UPS inverter efficiency, usually 0.88 to 0.94 (the actual calculation can take 0.9) E → Critical Critical battery discharge voltage (12V battery is about 10.5V, 2V battery is about 1.7V) N → the number of each cell (all products by the brand may be) 2, according to the selected back-up battery time, to identify the required value of battery discharge rate of C, then: the nominal battery capacity = Maximum I / C 3, the time and discharge rate of C 30 minutes 60 minutes 90 minutes 120 minutes 180 minutes 0.92C0.61C0.5C0.42C0.29C 4, to Burke Series 300KVA UPS power MTT delay of 30 minutes as an example: the known : Burke MTT series UPS battery power N for the 32 sessions, power factor cosф 0.8, the inverter efficiency η of 0.9, according to: I Maximum = Pcosф / (η * E critical * N), the maximum discharge current = Nominal power 300000VA × 0.8 ÷ (0.9 * 32 * 10.5V efficiency per battery discharge voltage) = 794AH they know that 30 minutes of battery discharge rate of C 0.92, based on: the battery pack's nominal maximum capacity of = I / C Battery Unit nominal capacity = 794 ÷ 0.92C = 863AH total capacity of the battery pack = 863AH × 32 节 × 12V = 331392AH available by the need for some battery 150AH32 section 6 of 6 group size battery cabinet 800 * 900 * 2000UPS major suppliers 1 U.S. Hills ups power Santak 2 Sendon Sendon 3 APC UPS Power Supply 4 Emerson Emerson 5 Powerware UPS UPSPowerware 6 Delta UPS 7 Branch, UPSKELONG 8 MGE MGE (2010 years after the brand allegiance APC) 9 Li Xun Stone UPSStone 11 10 Siemens UPS 12. GE UPS 13 KSTAR ups 14 easy special UPS 15 Championship Power Eaton UPS 17 16 Connaught Shield UPS UPS power supply constant power 18 19 Powerware UPS 20 Jin Wushi other supply Business Hua Tian - Alexander Huatian Technology Co., Ltd. Shandong Yi Jie reached - Shenzhen Jie Yi Electronics Co., Ltd. 索科曼埃克 Oceanside - Exeter Riverside Power (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Burke - Powercom - Division Wind Power Co., Ltd. Chong - Chong of Guangdong Electric Power Co., Ltd. Articles Extension Powerware UPS (Express) Overview of United Parcel Service of abbreviations.
United Parcel
IATA code: 5X Chinese name: United Parcel Service UPS originated in Seattle in 1907 to set up a courier company to deliver letters and parcels for the retail stores started. Due to the To 30 years, UPS's services have been around all the western cities, and developed the first mechanical package sorting system. 50 years, UPS has made Founded: August 28, 1907, Seattle, Washington. Global Headquarters: Atlanta, California, Chairman and CEO: Michael L. Eskew 2004 annual revenue: 36.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2007 revenues: 49.7 billion 2008 revenue: 51.5 billion Employees: 425,300 worldwide (U.S. 358,000; International 67,300 ) parcel delivery volume in 2004: 3.6 billion packages and documents Daily Delivery Volume: 14.1 million packages and documents Daily U.S. Air Volume: 2.1 million packages and documents daily international delivery capacity: 1.4 million packages and documents, 2008 annual delivery volume: 3.9 billion packages and documents Daily Delivery Volume: 15.5 million packages and documents Daily U.S. Air Volume: 2.1 million packages and documents daily international delivery: 200 million packages and documents Service Area: 200 countries and regions; every address in North America and Europe, the number of customers: a daily 7.9 million (1.8 million pickup, 6.1 million delivery) service outlets: UPS Store 4,200; UPS operating 1,500 stores (global); UPS Service Center 1,000; 17,000 authorized service points; UPS drop boxes 40,000. Operating Agency: 1748 Shipping Fleet: 88,000 package trucks, vans, tractors and motorcycles UPS jet aircraft fleet: 269; world's largest airline leasing aircraft number 9: 305 daily flight segments: Domestic: 1,071; International : 767 Number of airport services: Domestic: 400; International: 377 UPS in 1907 as a messenger company, founded in the United States, through a clear commitment to support the goal of global business, UPS has grown into over 300 billion dollars in assets of large companies . Today UPS, or United Parcel Service, is a global company whose trademark is the world's most recognized and admired brands. As the world's largest express carrier and package delivery company and a provider of specialized transportation, logistics, capital, and leading e-commerce services provider. The extensive application of information technology, and competitor Federal Express (FedEx), compared, UPS traditionally pay more attention to quality and efficiency, more or less ignored or neglected the application of advanced technology. UPS Information Services Department senior leadership recognized that The Federal Express since the early 80s involved in air express market has always attached importance to the development and use of new technologies, through the automatic declaration, automatic sorting, automatic tracking system, greatly reducing the cost of air transport services, so that dominated the 80 Federal Express air express market,
nike air force 1, forcing UPS picked up the pace in increasing investment in information technology, and in a very short time to meet or exceed in some respects FedEx technology. In 1988, UPS with 600 of its IBM mainframe terminal expanded to 17,000 terminals. In the same year, UPS acquired II Morrow Roadnet and two technology companies, they developed a system that can be shipped are shipped through the computer screen along the line to track each delivery vehicles, and device control through a set of car engines, UPS vehicle to help avoid failure. The UPS also began the development of technical personnel with the Federal Express package similar to the automatic tracking system. In 1989, UPS invested 8,000 million dollars, Mahwah, New Jersey, UPS has established a global computer network connecting the computer and electronic communications center. In 1991, UPS began a daring move, look through the development of Currently, each wearing a dark uniform, UPS delivery drivers are equipped with this small portable electronic tablet DIAD, through wireless data transmission system, while reading the information data to UPS's data network. When the consignee on receipt of goods in the electronic tablet, all information will be immediately passed the huge electronic tracking system, UPS, while the delivery person can find this information online, and you can see the consignee signature. By DIAD, road traffic conditions can also be and where there is information such as home delivery customers need to convey to the driver. Even with decades of experience in ground transportation, UPS, or rely on global positioning system, combined with delivery of goods to plan the number of delivery routes for each driver. Not only that, UPS's unique mobility solutions, customers can also make handheld computers, mobile phones and even wireless pagers, in any place, any time on their own to track the delivery of goods. If you want to deliver, simply enter your zip code in which direction the Pocket PC, you can get the latest information on UPS receiving point; or UPS directly receiving the positioning software to find the location of the point. In the past ten years, UPS has invested in new technology over 11 billion U.S. dollars, and also to the rate of $ 1,000,000,000 per year continues to increase, including the construction of the information backbone, PC machines and laptop computers, wireless communications and mobile data exchange system construction and so on. These investments not only pieces of real-time tracking operation a breeze, and led the new round of worldwide wave of change in business model. UPS is currently enlisted 4,000 programmers and technical staff. Mahwah, and Atlanta, it has two large data centers, with 14 hosts, you can run 1,134 million instructions per second. UPS also has 713 medium-sized machine (Mid-range Computer) and 245,000 units PC, as well as 3,500 130,000 connections LAN and workstations. UPS's global network of more than 100 countries, to over 90 million subscribers. UPS's web site is currently handling an average of 2.5 million per day online cargo tracking instructions transmitted through the mobile radio communications tracking orders for goods up to 1.7 million. During Christmas of 1999, UPS online tracking site processing instructions to achieve single-day record of 3.3 million. UPS's information technology achievements have not only brought to its earnings and awards and, more importantly, it extended for the UPS industry, the next step laid a good technical foundation. Total Logistics and Supply Chain Management since 1993, UPS launched a global logistics (World Wide Logistics, referred to as the WWL) in the name of the supply chain management services, and in 1995, UPS Logistics Group was established to guide the entire company's logistics services . UPS Logistics has become the fastest growing sector in the past two years, the annual growth rate of 70%. In over 50 countries through the establishment of more than 450 points split center, UPS Logistics Group to provide customers with comprehensive accessories and other products, supply chain management, as well as returns, repairs and other after-sales service and logistics management, reduce customer costs in the circulation improve the quality of service. Chain management as a logistics expert, UPS Logistics Group will exploit the advantages of their own transportation to the extreme, to minimize delays caused by transport process may create a so-called the establishment of logistics management center, an alliance with a number of high-tech companies, providing them with inventory, distribution or service. For example, UPS's largest air cargo hub in Louisville, Kentucky airport. Every night, 90 aircraft gathered here, in three hours, every two minutes a plane taking off and landing. Hewlett-Packard each day the computer will be damaged by air to the airport. These devices are shipped to the airport side of the UPS Logistics Center, from 60 technical staff to repair, and then to the airport the day away. The department repaired 800 computers per day. February 2000, Ford Motor Company and UPS Logistics Group announced a strategic alliance designed to accelerate the Ford Motor Company, speed of delivery of finished vehicles. Through transport network optimization and use of information technology, vehicles from Ford dealers and users delivered to the hands of time can be shortened by 40%, and make on-time delivery possible. Meanwhile, the Alliance will also provide Internet-based cargo tracking system, so Ford Motor Company and its agents can track every automobile on the Internet from production to transport the entire process. This system will eventually open to consumers, then consumers can not only order online car,
air force one high, you can also check online car production and transportation conditions. Through the provision of logistics services, UPS also become a new pillar of the online retail logistics. During Christmas 1998, U.S. goods ordered through the Internet, 55% completed by the UPS delivery (to complete 32% of the U.S. Federal Post, Federal Express completed 10%). UPS cooperation with Nike better able to explain the role of logistics services. UPS is responsible for Nike shoes and sports apparel warehousing and delivery, when consumers click on the Nike website to order online, their order information is automatically sent to the UPS system. Every hour, the goods ordered via the Internet by loading the sub-delivered to the UPS hub barge into their transportation system until the delivery to consumers. In addition, UPS is also the San Antonio instead of operating a telephone order center of Nike, to accept phone orders and orders of consumer information sent to the UPS delivery center of Nike products. BOO. COM is an American fashion website, UPS is responsible for transportation of its product suppliers to UPS's delivery centers, the quality of the product for testing, and load bearing BOO. COM trademark of the box, and then delivery to the consumer hands. On the other hand, when the UPS will deliver goods to consumers, its system will be automatically sent to the vendor's electronic confirmation of the Ministry of Finance, issued a timely reminder to companies bills. Logistics assistance and extension services to modern business logistics, information flow, capital flow integration, the three will be able to grasp grasp the future of the business world. Thus, the combination of logistics and information technology, UPS turn business tentacles deep into the financial sector. In 1998, UPS Capital Corporation (UPS Capital Corp.) Established to provide customers include the agency fee to pay the purchase price (Cash On Delivery, referred to as COD), mortgage lending, equipment leasing, financial services, international trade financing and so on. UPS Capital, the international trade finance services provided by the manufacturer or the factory so the funds will be more flexible scheduling, orders will also be a substantial increase in power, integrated to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. High-tech products industry in the delivery of packing the same time, by a bill of lading can get the money to UPS Capital. International trade through the traditional account transactions by wire transfer or discharge, from shipping crates to get real money, at least 45 to 60 days working capital turnover, the pressure is extremely heavy. UPS Capital's innovative financial services, modern commercial balance sheet is a revolutionary approach. International trade settlement business volume in Asia alone amounted to billions of dollars or more. UPS through the logistics assistance and extension services, to grasp this opportunity, and the formation of an alternative global financial institutions. Illustrate the process of financial services: the Los Angeles fashion company to assume that the material supplier in Malaysia ordered goods. UPS delivery receipt Malaysian suppliers of goods, you can immediately pay up to 80% of their money. The consignee of the goods delivered to the hands of Los Angeles after the payment received by the UPS, then the balance paid to the Malaysian company. In this way the seller is in Malaysia to cash faster than a letter of credit to be much more timely and effective manner, while buyers in Los Angeles there is a guarantee for the reliability of delivery. For UPS, its service network throughout the world, especially in the U.S. express delivery market imports, UPS held 70% market share,
nike air force one high, familiar with all the buyers, and thus between the ability of business credit check, far better than the general bank. Moreover, delivery of goods in the hands of UPS, UPS the right to control the transport of goods and control over the financing of its advantages of low risk that any bank can match the. UPS's international trade finance services, has chosen Hong Kong as Asia's first operations center, and were first in Taiwan to set up UPS Capital subsidiary, and then to Thailand, Malaysia set point, while in London,
nike air force one, set up operation centers in Europe, by the command of the global headquarters in Atlanta. COD service is to provide liquidity for enterprises as well as convenience benefits for consumers. UPS and the U.S. electronics chain in the sale of the company's cooperation Gateway, UPS delivery of the goods to the customer, the place to receive payment Gateway, and then deposited directly into their designated bank account. Online ordering, online auctions and more and more popular TV shopping today, before the payment of consumers but could not feel the quality of the goods, UPS services just to meet this demand. 8% of Gateway's sales each year is money to pay business. UPS also plans to use its truck drivers in the necessary manpower to carry out electronic tablet delivery point credit card transfer. In addition, UPS Capital, the transferee through receivables, inventory, mortgage, office equipment and warehouse equipment leasing services for the convenience of customers to create financing. In 1998 the operation of the company's cash up to 30 billion U.S. dollars. E-commerce e-commerce strategy globalized industry has gradually formed, UPS e-commerce strategy is to maximize their own blend of logistics solutions to the user's business processes to go, with logistics services to the virtual world of electronic transactions to be in the real completed in the world. In 1997, UPS launched an Internet-based transport,
air force one low, This tool is a stand-alone application modules can be directly embedded in e-commerce site, complete the delivery of functional transport sites. Tools can provide users with various services, including the choice of types of transportation services, shipping and handling fee calculation, calculation of transportation time, UPS receiving site selection, transportation, labeling, transport parts of the track and so on. Such as the customer to the computer company's website micronaire order products, the site has passed the Accordingly, the customer will receive a UPS tracking number, and at any time, fineness of the website of the Order of products to its production schedule and delivery situation. closely linked to the expansion and control of the parcel delivery business. After delivery, they returned to the truck on the road to complete the work log. This is not a rigid timetable looks a bit cumbersome? No doubt!
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