Part of the learning treatment ambition understand

【】 【Butterfly Effect, the phenomenon of the frog crocodile laws】 【】
catfish effect
】 【】
herding
【】 【
hedgehog rules Law】 【watch the broken windows theory】 【

】 【twenty-eight Law
】 【Barrel Theory Matthew】 【
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01 - The Butterfly Effect: The Butterfly Effect
butterfly effect: the 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of the atmosphere, said that a butterfly wings of the Amazon rainforest Occasionally, vibration, and maybe two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to distend after its future status will cause a very great difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important to not confused.
Management Implications
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the brand expense, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these elusive factors will be their choice. So at a time a little attention, we can easily see that some management practices, sound ideas in their companies will arise in this sentence:


100 buyers, the only one not satisfied, so you can be proud, said only 1% of the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied. p>


today, enabling undertakings to alteration the fate of the Bus emulation, the emergence of news, commerce sit and worry-free growing latent of micro-monopoly and open competition so that enterprises must think all potential ingredients that affect development.


streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to give pile up people away from the orthodox security, is followed to decide on their own fate. The combination of organizational and individual emancipation is the result: Who can capture the good life
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02 - Frog phenomenon
frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the boiler, because of its penniless The reaction is very sensitive, it will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been too late, or there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they often cause people to alert,Gucci Wallet UK, and prone to cause deadly it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the substantial situation, there is no clear detection.

Inspiration:

revelation is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden memorabilia but can not be detected by the slow process of gradual formation. It short-sighted, only to see regional, but can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face the great changes happening voicelessly, but can not find, and afterward will bring us even more solemn harm! ~

The second detection is: frog, as if all living things in our lives, we must look to the future, sedulous in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too Today, there are brandy, today's drunk


revelation of the three is: today's society is a knowledge explosion, the ever-changing, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy so go on, will surely be eliminated at the peak ofs, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!


revelation of the four is: We do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, to the neglect of that teeny little slow and dangerous, because that little slow and small risk, is the most horrible!

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03 - Crocodile crocodile
statute rule: its ambitious is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break free of your foot, while crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the accident crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must immediately stop, without any postpone and shall not have any fortune.
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ago, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious environment, will be the small fish base in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not die.

When an organization working to achieve a more settled state, often manner lower employee motivation, Harmony, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to continue to increase new blood to send those vibrant, quick thinking, a fashionable compel of young and even the introduction of workforce management, to those complacent, idle staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to raise The second is to continue to introduce current technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management concepts, so as to qualify enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, promote survivability and plasticity.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, able of enabling leadership neatness change and so on. But I think that catfish effect analysis and application of distant more than this. Different perspective of thinking, discover and solve the problem is different.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders influence others to complete the mission that the individual or collective, in the flat box of sardines, sardines, a character of a group of highly homogeneous group, similar to their level of skills, lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, and the whole organization is a bloated state, and leader of the appearance of catfish (or catfish evolved within the sardines), new broom sweeps clean, punishment, standardize system, transformation process, the reasonable allocation of posts and human, financial, substance, and gradually the business organization has been improvement, deduct from prices, simplify the bloated body, unable of sardines to be eaten, driven away, a capability of Sardines are a positive incentive, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the vitality of the entire organization are mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, prevail the market, maintain market only a solid foundation.


From this perspective, catfish leaders ought have the following characteristics:


1 - act decisively, resolutely: rapid detection of diseases where the stagnant organization and be competent to hack the Gordian node, immediately and effectively solve the problem.


2 - their words, the strong style of work: technological decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.


3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, establish an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and delivery, assessment and other aspects of amends design and reflects the innovative thinking, embodied benefits of innovation.


4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, can predict the direction of organizational development and human resources and the future of the existing gap, which can effectively identify future talent, cut out of shuffle is not suitable for development of the organization personnel.


5 - System Perspective, dare to change: the aptitude to inspect the inside and outdoor the organization system from the system changes in the structure and function, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as opposed to the fisher, catfish leaders themselves are sardines, fishermen are the leaders), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, can bring the staff to open the situation, break the customary, making good benefits.


for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of employee groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is to discipline together, activate their own energy, and catfish at least to synchronous speed, and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be dined catfish to catch up, or pushed by other sardines last strangled.


Second, if the catfish on behalf of a membership of the group.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will influence wisdom, a team needs different personalities, different skills, people with different work experience to add, and if the staff are uniformly, then the team produce imaginative, the likelihood of producing high performance is minimal. In the focus on team structure, communication to the team today, appropriate to attract catfish to join the team, will give the team a brisk working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, all catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the whole team to foul, so some Japanese companies believe in fact. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the fashion, the other employees deal with the team in the catfish, it should work on the foundation of their cooperation.


Again, if catfish content of the work on behalf of people in tall spirits.
immediately in numerous companies, organizational building and job design namely still a subject of a important transformation process, unreasonable, boring, not prospects, humdrum boring job content so that human feel favor a bucket of sardines thronged As there is no enthusiasm, do not absence to post more, meditation more in corrections, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's monetary contribution is manifest. How anxious, passionate work of catfish into the pond of stagnant water in it? This is a complicated learning, it was disputed from the horizontal and perpendicular expansion of the range of go, deepening the go content, because employees to experience the wealth of work activities, work experience completions, so namely they reflect the face of challenging and exciting ecology of work excitement and lust; was advocated increased use of staff rotation in the path of talent, so that they work more joy catfish swim; I maintain that the application of these amounts in the meantime too pay attention to the persona of people and job matching, catfish ambition to do things catfish, sardines, sardines asset to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish too work with the content of sardine, the most momentous object is to find staff favorites, look at those work tin grant them to produce power and enthusiasm catfish, and only after the mate, catfish effects can melodrama its character, alternatively catfish, however work is set, merely to detect that the work of the staff can no be shook, fighting for, then this catfish has convert a die fish.


From this outlook, the work represents the rich catfish work content, Zequan Li is exciting, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so aboard. For governors and people resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's tactics.


summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization Do not swim back, otherwise there is danger of being eaten, always full of passion to the upwards and perhaps one day you become a catfish, a group of sardines to catch up the struggle; your colleagues may be catfish , then, and his Competition Competition to see who is surging energy greater; your catfish may also be lower, then the incentive to grow under the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, or you There is also the risk of being eaten by subordinates; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable preparations for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on the floor of a fold.
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05 - Herding: The Effect of Sheep Flock
Herding: sheep where to go, followed by sheep to follow where to go.
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and sham phenomenon, the same stock.

herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a stick in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam, in the second, the third will follow the bound; time , the withdrawal of the stick, behind the sheep, walked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of ascent jump, antagonism the roadblocks of the mallet no longer exist, this is called . Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a mutual phenomenon. It is due to insufficient message and lack of understanding of the market difficult for investors to make reasonable uncertainty about the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of message, the perennial transmission of this message, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.


herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is more typical of a phenomenon, the mainstream of financial theory can not annotate. Economics constantly use Sheep is a very spread organization, ordinarily with the left and right is blind buffet, but once there was a sheep to move, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, entirely ignoring the wolf or near the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the


the emergence of herding in general a very competitive manufacture,Gucci Shoes 2010, but also the industry has a leader (leader) occupies the chief converge, then the whole flock will be copied by the leader's every move, the leader where to go
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06 - hedgehog hedgehog
law rule: two somnolent hedgehog, for chilly and owned attach. May be because their body is long with spines, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then obtain together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has eventually found a suitable distance: either with each other to obtain the other's warm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog rules apply

hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and consultants, think tanks and their narrations staff. In his ten years of presidential years, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other personal consultants and think tanks, no one's working years to more than two years. His newly appointed central of staff forever say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his outlook, mobility is normal, while the fixation is not normal. This is subject to the impact of military train, since the legion is moving, not always fixed in one place crews. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and to live the leader, he does not allow the people approximately me never leave. Only to muster in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and decision and full of vitality, it can eradicate the age lesson of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government malpractice.


Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admiration. There is no sense of distance, leading policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, easy to make interference in domestic affairs think tank workers, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of mastery, seeking selfish interests, and finally plucked into the water guiding cadres, the consequences are very hazardous. Comparing the two, or better to maintain a certain distance.


GE


sometime chancellor of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very personally hedgehog theory, particularly in the treatment of middle and senior management is more the case. And treatment in the workplace issues, Stone never mean the care of executives, but in their time off,Womens Gucci Sandals, he never asked for a visitor family manager, never preferred their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, it will make you and the staff were confused personality. This is one of the best managed state. Maintained by a certain distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal treatment for all: both leaders bound themselves, but can be bound by employees. Grasp this principle, it mastered the hidden of successful management.


Means that regardless of any way to assassinate the fox to hedgehog, hedgehog just shorten up, the fox desperate. As long as this detailing of an enterprise to find a easy and efficacious prototype of development,Cheap Gucci Trainers, regardless of anybody change in the market and competitors, can accessible handle with, way to rapid growth.
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07 - Watch Law: Watch Law
watch Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know What time is it, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not be used with two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss.

】 【fable

the story of the monkey and the table


a group of monkeys live in the woods, when the sun mushrooms every day they go out foraging at sundown when the back repose, My life was dim and cheerful.


a passenger through the forest, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by monkeys in the Smart Meng may


do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,


but the When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were appalled, the But soon, the new Monkey King is also facing


This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately,Womens Gucci Pumps, but will see the people lose confidence in precise time.


inspired】 【Law

watch Law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:


for any one thing can not be also set two different goals, otherwise it will make a loss; for a person can not select between two different values, or his behavior in chaos.


a human can not by 2 or more people to the command, otherwise the person will understand what to do; for a business, is not in the meantime using two differ methods of treatment, or will this business can not grow.


in this regard with the Time Warner AOL merger is a typical failure case. USA Online is a young Internet company, corporate culture punctuated operational flexibility, rapid decision-making, quick to seize the market require that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to build long-term process of development emphasizes the honesty of the channel and innovative corporate culture.


two companies after the combination, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the clash of two values, resulting in staff completely confuse the intention of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century wedding ended in failure. It also indicates that, to figure out the time, a travel time chart accurate ample.


select only you think is right


two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but people will watch the exact time to lose confidence. You must do is to select the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.


Nietzsche's famous saying: However, many people are troubled, they were


there are people below the oppression of the environment or other people, opposition his own alternative did not like the road, and therefore depressed life. Even if made the subject of attention of the achievements, yet also not felt the joy of success.


life inspiration

in real life, we often encounter a similar situation. Elective courses such as the two are you are amused in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have enough energy to learn another two courses, this time it is hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.


profession, the position, no clear medalist in the two handling elements, you will go from here? Every crossing in life, we must face the


choice in the face of conflicts, we recommend using The so-called


Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear cause, but through psychological unconscious, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.


kernel philosophy: more choices, more standards will make people muddled.


Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose, the place is put.


application areas: social life and business.
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08 - Broken Window Theory: Break Pane Law
broken window theory: a house if the windows broke, no one patch, separated soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if the graffiti is not some washed, and soon, the wall covered with a mess on, unsightly thing; a very clean place People taking out the trash apologetic, but once litter on the ground appears, people will not hesitate to discard, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Windows Theory 1

also called as the target of criticism and summed up, saw the famous treatise The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window cup, which would make the installation of cup and glass production people started to subserve social employ.


here, savants to illustrate the children's behavior and the behavior of the administration could have consequences, thus completely negating the Keynesian plan of administration intervention. The release of this misbelief in the flood, put the earthquakes, put the in the combat, it seems very fitting.



Broken Windows Theory 2


also cried the broken window effect (Break Pane Law)


a window was broken, if not repaired, will lead to More windows were broken, and even the entire establishing to be destroyed.
by the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson detection summary of the
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09 - twenty-eight Law: Pareto principle
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italy economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and only a small portion, about 20%, though a cloud of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is condensed in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not average to analyze, process and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of total key customers, to enhance its services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the assortment analysis, it is necessary to solve the main effort on key issues, focus on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people make money with a nape over ------- -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking, negative thinking
20% of people who buy time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% -------------- 80% of people dominated by people who dominated
20% of the people to do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people amount experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that deeds have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how to do it I ------ 80% of the money I want money I have on how to do
20 % of people adore to provide 80% of people ---------------- love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people questing for answers in the answer -------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the momentary
20% of people the chance -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% -------------- people plan for the future 80% of people only think of the morning doing
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% people according to their own wishes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people morrow, things to do today ------ 80% of people do today, morrow, who do
20% 80% ------------ How can the people do not do
20 % of people taking notes ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good 80% of people who
20% of people affected at the success of 80% -------- people affected along the failure of people who state
20% -------------- 80% good bad viewpoint
20% of people believe they will succeed - ------------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never applause, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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10 - Barrel Theory: Buckets effect
bucket theory: the combination of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not insistent Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of the wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, the same must be flush with each board and no mar, if not in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing plate underneath the cavity, this barrel can not be fraught with water. Is that a bucket can be How many water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no stuff how high, its water storage is extremely dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
rule known as a bucket or short plate theory, buckets short embark management theory, the so-called how much does not depend on the maximum piece of wood on the Tongbi, but prefer depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, at all times the bucket, there are a ample height, a bucket of water can not be full.
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11 - Matthew: Matthew Effect
Matthew: all be taken from him.
Matthew, referring to the lusty stronger and the languid weaker phenomenon, widely accustom in social psychology, training, finance, and science and other fields. Its appoint comes from the Bible
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1, bird imprison hanging a pretty Logic
cage in the room where the most emphatic, a few days, the landlord will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy back on a bird cage. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, assume you are the employer of the chamber, at a time people entered the chamber and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: kept a bird. Cage rational reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work amplify rational thinking how important it is.

2, the broken windows effect
psychology there is a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if it were not for cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a muddle on, unsightly things. A very clean place, people would be entangled catching out the trash, but once trash on the floor appears, people will not hesitate, and did not feel embarrassed. It was very strange phenomenon.
psychologists is the bad in the end.
anything bad, if necessary stop off at the beginning, the formation of culture, change can get rid of, as if the river bank, a small gap is not timely fix, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
disarray is actually the outcome of crime, New York City in the 80's when the rush is really everywhere, every day not to slay, in roomy daylight to be scared of walking in the avenue. Not to mention the metro, car nasty, dirty sentence painted everywhere, on the metro, feel insecure. Although I have not been seized, but the professors have been in wide daylight, struck a memorandum Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I speak about Tiger color for many years, not solo to New York. New York city and the metropolis recently raised a lot of reputation, so I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can flee from the dead, and to push.
So while I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, one quickly to him for counsel, the native New York City is the last book with the broken skylight effect in terms of methodology, premier to cultivate the nefarious surroundings in which people is not easy crime-Hyde Budao slowly return to order.
Although this approach was denounced as being slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public assertion of the Government's determination to amend and found very effective.
police found that people really are less likely to occasion in a clean guilt, also found that fare evasion grasp awarding, because every of those 7 had a fare evasion was wanted, there is one in twenty to carry weapons, so Police are willing to grab fare evasion quite seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not defiance go out with weapons to avert more injury than agreeable, escapes scampers the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, the easiest place to continue to destroy the criminal link of (shackle), so this vicious wheel can not persist

3, diffusion of duty effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points outside of an room in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the work back at the end of the bar assassination of the way home. When she cried out in despair: When everything is silence, the killer returned to perpetrate a crime. When she exclaimed, the neighboring residents and the light alternate, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer afresh appeared before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to liberate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a massive number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of responsibility reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the unfeeling, or moral decay of the rendition increased. In different occasions, people's doings of favour there is a feud. When a person in an crisis situation, if not he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide assistance to the sufferers. If he refused to help produce feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological cost. And if the presence of many people, aid the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few witnesses and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce a How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important heading.

4, Parkinson's law of the famous British historian
North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is to make a capable person to aid their work; third meeting of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two ordinary acolyte sharing his work, he is high upon orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. And so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.

5, halo effect
famous Russian literary immense Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks surprising, but with different outlet sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to jot poetry Pushkin peruse it to her time. She always covered their ears and said: death duel, a literary mammoth to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beautiful female is bound to have great sagacity and noble character, although, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the specifics of a particular appearance, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In annual life, For instance, some disadvantage of the retired individual juvenile people, or clothe, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the affection of friends, you will penetrate him everywhere lovely, really the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological presumption, the peccadillo is: First,Mens Gucci Sneakers, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual move and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the individuality or physical characteristics associated with the declaration that such traits are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negative, which is a perfect domination by the tendency of subjective prejudice. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a excellent psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 20-30 years of the 20th centenary, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship among product efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the tentative group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In increase, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the width of daily and newspaper number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly occasioned by the experimenter in the morale of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workmen were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, the cares from all sides, creating a emotion of participating, feel that they are an important portion of the enterprise, so workmen aspects from the social point of view are stimulated to promote the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the learn and would greatly amplify the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get forward and know what kind of action is accepted by students and instructors and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of positiveness!

7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
premier Overmyer and West Sigman found later in animal and human studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the opportunity to escape electric shock, they have changed was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment knowledgeable a sense of helplessness. That is, they fulfil that no matter what their own can not control the termination impact. In each experiment, the impact is canceled under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and grief. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes that see the true events behind the decision factors do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective testify, that his own witness and hear something to speak out truthfully people. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs resolved to this conclusion more in-depth study. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge were likened.
they make were shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to respond some of the subjects in the content of the video and inquired them to acquaint the degree of confidence in their question, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and the general wisdom of chose issues.
the same place as before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the precision of the spectator reminisced, those confident of their answers than those who do not really have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the location is not the circumstance, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For sample, people will kas long asthe issue of whether in amusements or even nearly better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For instance, on the whole, they are unthreaten to know the event than others, the participants in the memories district cilia color better or aggravate.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a notable experiment. Them to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of the babies making a fuss of the In truth, this account is not decided along to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months after, dissimilar comprehension test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, It is considered by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to fulfill the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the king, he produced a statue of a girl he loved his desire to finally make this into a real statue, the two a standing ovation.)
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers attention, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a kind of positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, distinguished against students from the teacher's speech over time, manner, facial statements of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally dwindled to the bad units of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the fear for teachers.

10, artificial share deviation (false unity bias)
We usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing microprocessor games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to ballot on their favorite mathematics, overestimate their own reputation in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the internal attribution;
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status or some kind of customary life and learning be threatened;
(5) When it comes to a affirmative When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.