1, sanitary ware and benefits up to buy Wrigley's.
2, CR mirror of good quality;
3, China Airlines of the hardware cheap and good quality;
4, Canadian maple glass partition (bath house) and good quality.
5, Faen Sha good toilet, are more than 1,000.
6, the best ventilation fans installed in the flue facade, mounted on aluminum top will have resonance.
7, leveling the ground and water (labor and materials) generally are 15 / m and 60 / square meter.
8, the toilet of the three series of comparison: compare whirlpool quiet; dashed into the more traditional way, cost of water; more water-jet.
9, to buy sanitary main consideration is its water resistance, outward and noise, several appearances of this attention on ok! Considering its avails and disadvantages, rather bought the cheapest brand-name best not to try! This is the shopping tips. Cheap may be Installation must find vocational laborers to install, so as not to influence the use of! Taps as well. Bad leader will be a long time inside their leaking faucet or rust. Suggested to be a table in the bathroom (with the conditions to do the table), so you save the old King! Hardware does not benefit too much, that would shambles and a waste of money, the best there is play racks, and the table, then there is a towel bar, toilet brush, towel rack, towel rack ample to use! Behind the gate you can buy a few small wrap nails. Recommended not to buy hardware to buy building materials mall, although a little cheaper, but do not certify the quality! With a long time out is not rusty! You can only buy for it like this, and then the wall will leave a few black hole!
10, the basin is divided into the spectators basin, counter basin and pedestal. Under Counter Basin is embedded in the body of the basin the retinue chart, see the basin from the brim of the counter. This basin and are generally used in association with relentless or granite countertops. As the basin body in the table below, so pay more attention to use of the basin. The edge of the platform above the basin tops, so the premise of the converge on practical, decorative effect is very important. Therefore, when the basin in the chart of elements, the manufacturers have to develop their potentials to produce some highly elegant products. Pedestal is an neutral, and the basin below a body matching columns. Sometimes the pillar does not bear the heaviness of the basin, just to asylum the water pipes. Generally used for smaller bathroom.
11, bathroom with a gas water heater or cordless water heater to the beginning to think clearly, if a gas water heater in the kitchen with water, electricity and change the gas pipes, electric water heater if it is required to consider what the future on the toilet turn (on end floor-standing high thermal efficiency), of course, no place to put if it can only stand in the load-bearing walls on the (sideways).
12, lavatory renovation construction program
1) water, electricity transformation and adjustment of the line (the bathroom wall where the alignment of the ditch should be waterproof, waterproof paint brush into the slot, so even running water for future will not wet the wall inside);
2) Sheung Shui pipeline ought be replaced at underground pipe (with PPR pipe), After he was done apt inhibit the experiment (to near the valve into your house water meter will absence oppression of the export pipeline sealed with a plug, leaving only one import and then import then the oppression in the machine, the so-called pressure machine namely a simple hand pump, behind kicking a certain pressure to persevere because some time. characteristic pressure and period and pipeline materials and the use of functions. such as: plastic pipe :6-8 kg, 0.5 - 1 hour, the pressure drop is fewer than 0.1 kg can)
3) electrical circuit according to the number of toilet facilities and installation position correction;
4) water reform after passing inspection, the ceiling construction and fine wood decoration, installation of bath tub or make room;
5) bathtub installation, wall tiles and pail apron paving tile;
6) Finally Paving the ground and paint jobs;
7) wall construction is completed, install toilet and other sanitary ware and sinks to wash Union board equipment. In addition, the waterproof shower wall 1 m 8 to do non-shower walls 30 to 40 cm, the ground is all done.
13, do not purchase a double-pole towel rack. Bathroom glass shelf to put cosmetics buy good quality, occasional times bath, shower gel heavy point on the glass, glass mow, poor quality, loose, and the glass smashed down ...
14, bathroom cabinet can be customized to the kitchenware company, but do have metal legs dangling below, or after a bad repair leaks, usually also easy to clean. Bathroom must be done must be waterproof, including floors, walls. Wash basin and leading to the size of waist and matching tiles, bathroom tiles must be good prior to the future, ready for other things not to block or clash.
15, high floor to install booster pumps, gas water heater or hot and cold bath.
16, not because the laundromat is not very important to shop mediocre tiles, must be paved.
17, I am needless needless shower bath room, spend 17 dollars at Ikea to buy a block of perspicuous shower curtain, cool, and PP, the key can be exhausted and back to the other way, and really inexpensive ah!
18, bathroom basin filled too much inconvenience. Put away a high degree of control 85CM basin around!
19, ware also a good first pick, laid the location of drainage and water pipes, or to take a lot of time to another tube, will be difficult to see, and see ware to find a knowledgeable person accompanied, and some look very nice material does not necessarily installed.
20, tile joints agent Tim color, then use the toner with a good idea to debug a little look, then decide the amount, or not so shallow that is too deep.
21, the audience basin openings in the factory than on-site open a good, on-site time-consuming and poorly polished. Note that the pre-opening position must be accurate.
22, silica gel, then buy the full import of GE is absolutely the best, followed by Shanghai packaging GE. Of course, if the kind of place in a very momentous unit 7,8 can also be used, for instance, aluminum skylight borders with interior Anjiu levels of silica waste to plug the whole. But use the bathroom all the GE silicone pantry, value for money!
23, Under Counter Basin Above Counter Basin than delicate, nice, good clean. Basin faucet with the audience to pay attention to, taking into account the thickness of the basin edge, leading to the mouth longer.
24, the slope of the bathroom floor before tiling to consider the good, the slope is not in accordance with citizen standard to achieve the effect of rapid drainage, and if you use a deodorant or a thin floor drain floor drain will greatly increase the drainage problems. Some people say that steep slope and pretty, I think it is nonsense. On the contrary larger slope water to quickly run a clean is a very refreshing thing.
25, bathroom floor cabinets with stainless iron thighs are mammoth profits, the back of the cache to find some place to buy cheap price mad. Cabinet bathroom vanities to do when first consider the size of the basin so that the future good appropriate.
26, bought it when squatting, if you intend to use the tanks, pay attention to whether and squatting in the water tank of the mate.
27, Ann does not consider it a good squatting, toilet water pressure is too small.
28, buy a toilet when you need to remove the water before or after the water!
29, the bathroom, then try to install a small sliding door, do not open the door. Bathroom basin, cost-effective to buy than they do they see good. (My home light marble countertops, spent more than 500 meters worth).
30, anti-odor anti-odor
bathroom floor drain be sure to use deodorant, the existing deep water bowl PVC floor drain odor conservation, but pretty good results. Need to replace it, remember to buy with a cover, when not covered, dry and defend the water bowl inside the north the water will presently disappear.
basin underneath S pipe must be installed, otherwise you will face when the smell the smell.
can buy the best washing machine drain screw on the floor drain.
airing fans, range hoods must be installed one-way throttle, exit carefully sealed tight to prevent the intrusion of outside smell.
31, leading not to install the Door side (8 than do other than shower room), or water vapor will damp Door!
32, in addition to the ordinary outlet in the basin close the left outside the basin inside the cabinet under the left one (after a small water heater), to stay near a toilet (after the power washing equipment Wei) have to pay attention not on the socket behind the door equidistant small place, taking into list the distance from the plug, as well as the best to buy the kind with a panel of some long-unused outlet is not easily damaged.
33, preferably the bathroom cabinet, you can put some toiletries;
34, is hanging towels towel rack, a twice pole and single pole, double pole do not think the agreeable, and hang the towels can be more than two, but the substantial use of them it is not so, for different intentions towel can not hang together, that is, a towel rack hung two towels, surplus poles do not need dissimilar, or a utility pole.
35, the stage is not favorable to doing countertops health pots, bought from a expedience point of view of aesthetics and the overall basin cabinet basin is best audience!
37, vanity is wall drain or floor drain to be laid down in advance. Under the original pipe, floor drain better not to change the location. Change is not good, most likely the pan of water.
38, ware testing methods, burning with smokes tested, one washed down is the best, sanitary ware with a good piece, split a long time leaks.
39, fitted wash basin and mirror to be considered good, put brush glass rack, towel rack comparative position.
40, install the audience basin platen is not a simple activity, like the idle workers are always mad at me! Repeated several times. The
44, triangle valve should not be omitted, and save much money, if the valve, then triangle, triangle valve can be installed in advance of copper joints are not leaking, if only installed, only the last leading to the copper connector installation take over the child when it was installed to retard whether the internal leakage, the aggregate leakage deserving to pressure some time to test out the final installation of internal and leading it more secure.
45, leader: prefer a good brand, with a few years later, no 1 at family, when a sudden collapse is not amusement. Leading all the household in idea when installing hot and cold water faucet in the same instruction, not the chairman that the left is the chilly water faucet aboard the left is hot. Do not also receive hot water pipes, Sheung Shui, the toideduct from, or else an side of the restroom flush, water heater aboard the side of the ignition. Hot and cold water faucet chasm distance of about 16cm, pitch can be adapted among a certain range, do not quit aside the channel too huge or too small.
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waterproof
1, can I be in the bathroom wall (Pock cement) Brush 1.8 meters waterproof, but it will then cement is not strong when tiling? What is a good direction? There will be no problem.
2, how can I make in the kitchen and upstairs balcony waterproofing do it? First, through friendly negotiation, indicating the water the truth, which is good for everybody to do. If not, find the treatment office. If there is not, can only report a problem with each other.
3, bathroom walls, floors have to do the best waterproof polyurethane coating. Usually 50 yuan / square meter price.
4, I have buyers for the split-level, three bedrooms two guard, the lower the customer, canteens, deputy health, study, upper bedrooms, the main Guardian. The main Guardian and contiguous living room and share a wall (about one meter height staggered). Therefore, the main Guardian and adjacent living room wall that is the bottom half of the upper half of the downstairs part of the main Guardian. So, water should I do? Downstairs toilet water should pay attention to? A: The bottom can be the first waterproof silicone water repellent, waterproof glue and then 911. In fact, with the flat layer of waterproof principle is the same, focused on: the high level of water to reach the pinnacle height. Bacon's position to increase the water force.
5, has a renewed old house needs the bathroom, laying the mosaic, I do not want to knock down the mosaic, redo the water, whether the mosaic on the premier brush a slurry, then a waterproof, the last tiled? ? ? A: Yes, but use the professional point of waterproof material.
6, exterior waterproofing to discourage outside. If the inside of the wall dealing with water issues to handle with 10,000 of no help. As a structure contractor can not know this elementary knowledge. You can directly with the contractor said: This problem is more difficult technical problems, not all of them can be solved, and this involves increased prices, customers do not want to pay now the circumstance, it is difficult to solve. Wall tiling is a special waterproof material, the specific appoint I'm not sure.
7, the ground paste marble (light), stone back to do water, dry ground marble should shop
8, kitchen, health and waterproof.
9, to do double the wall 30 cm, 30 cm or more can do it again, mantle need water at the door Door.
10, waterproof finish to be dry, a made waterproof layer. Where leakage is most likely to
11, under the supervision of the ground water repellent to use my bricklayer but not directly in accordance with requirements of darting on the ground, it can even do! It is not the best yourself, do not disturb but assured.
12, must be looking at doing upstairs upstairs dripping water ......... Otherwise, get the wall cabinets,
Nike Shox SKO, wall ruins .........
13, on the balcony on the altitude sideboard, then hit the back of the cupboard with a layer of waterproof insulation bubble embark goes well.
tile tile
more money is inside a home improvement project, and it can be said home improvement is a very important success factor because almost a third place at home to be ample to wear up, kitchen, bathroom, balcony, or even the living room (floor tiles), so give a good bricklayer home decoration considerably.
home decoration is not the accumulation of material, but cultural, personality, and overall quality. Tile is the personality of the people should be required to enrich the neatness and colorful patterns for the home adds a lot of Seclusion. However, there are countless varieties of tile on the market is not readily able to buy the repose insistent that the tiles in the alternative of tiles, when, according to private preferences and room functional requirements, according to the site layout, floor tiles from the specifications, color, texture, etc. screening.
tile assortment
1, divided by function tile floor tiles, wall tiles and waist line tiles.
2, tile: divided by color imitation of Spanish tiles, vitrified tiles, glazed tiles, polished tiles non-slip tiles and seepage, etc.
3, tile: can be divided by color of glass wall tiles, published tiles.
4, waist line tiles: more for printing blocks. In order to encounter the specifications of wall, waist tile is generally defined as 60mm × 200mm in format.
5, divided according to process tile: glazed tiles, whole body tiles, polished tiles, porcelain tiles, ceramic mosaic tiles.
glazed: refers to the brick surface layer of glaze firing brick. This brick is divided into two categories: First, by using dirt launched; the other is to use clay firing, the new home improvement about 80% of purchasers choose the tiles for the floor decorative materials.
body tile: This is a non-glazed ceramic tile, good slip and abrasion resistance. Generally called Because of this brick moderate prices, fashionable with consumers.
Polished: after a whole body tiles polished tiles, this tile is very hard, very wearable.
tiles: This is a high-temperature firing of ceramic tile, ceramic tile in all the hardest one. Sometimes tiles are scraped off scratch, the tiles are still intact. .
ceramic mosaic tile: also understood as Mosaic, specifications, thin and small, hard, sour, alkali, abrasion resistance, impermeable, compression and lusty, easily broken, color kind, broad range of uses.
brick selection
1, do not buy kitchen tile matte, otherwise difficult to obliterate greasy. Do not use too much bathroom tile elements, and one easily nasty, and secondly, a long time too blunt!
2, good quality tiles the size of uniform size, thickness, floor tiles, smooth surface, no bubbles, no stains, lint-free surface, shine, shiny uniform, defect-free edges, 90 degree angle, no perversion, clear patterns, compression performance, easy corrupted.
3, brick color is laborious to find satisfactory, I did not find, but the two kinds of color are not satisfied with staggered mosaic sub 45-degree angle I was able to effect satisfactory results. This is absolutely the bricklayer himself put forward good proposals.
4, in order to save the original in B & Q to buy a promotional Asia tile (white, matte), and sometimes brain fever, after listening to the words of BF attached to the kitchen, and now not serviceable, just rub marks on the cement, seaming deputy Tim I felt more difficult than the glazed tiles!
5, in the selection of tile owners of tile essential for quality finds its way: first look at its color is uniform, non-variegated black spots and holes in the line; followed depends on whether its size standards, with tape measure the length and width of tile, measure the size of the trademarks to its factory the same size, then the amount of its diagonal tile, such as the diagonal size of the same, then the tile is positive; then depends on the flatness of the tile, the simplest forcible method is the same pros and cons of the brand's two tiles overlap, such as two stacked premonitory gap between the tiles or you can turn the tiles uneven; finally see there is no color tiles, and is to take out a few pieces of the same type of ceramic tile samples, compared in the light, such as do not see color differences can be ordered.
6, so use a independent tile, brown array, as well as quartzite array of filth. Oujia kitchen and large balcony are dirt.
7, we must consider the loss to buy tiles, rather than buy later passed on, not accidents at the last minute fixing authorities but replenishment, replenishment should be from the basic to advert, would be very cumbersome and excruciating patience (and buy When you can count for more than a point more than price). After the best kitchen tile stickers, ready to paste any old newspapers or plastic film, if your home workers in the kitchen cooking, then finish your decoration is an important part of the cleaning work is cleaning of kitchen grease up.
8, brick color chose is too light, cilia, footprints are evident, can not wait barefoot + mowed head.
9, my biggest repent is to buy a CIMIC super white tiles, seep color on a white floor tiles are really stubborn stains how I detest Oh!
10, wall, floor tiles: This is where you could save a lot of money! If your home has two balconies (living terrace, balcony), then the tile is no need to buy to buy good, at the peak of beautiful and practical on the line. The reason is: you do not go each day to pack it, it is dotted about the role of the local space! Sunny side of the course to consider buying anti-ultraviolet, or fade will affect the appearance! Side of the kitchen cabinets to be bought by a little (some zz into the errors that have cabinets side buy cheap, big mistake!)! The reason is: you are going to pick up every day, but also oil, is water, but also a detergent, and the five-cleaning powder, if it is bad blocks will not be long out of porcelain! Matte would be best not to buy kitchen tiles, it is difficult to clean up! Moderate to buy kitchen floor tiles on it. The other side of the wall can buy a little cheaper, so make the kitchen more layered! Worth a try. Bathroom wall tiles buy a little better, because the toilet usage is high, and moist. Bathroom floor tiles do not buy the best pure white!
11, ● choice can be hammer, the sound fragile description of the density and hardness, porcelain tiles, high quality; can Cece tile water absorption, lower water digestion, the higher intrinsic stability on behalf of tile, but also more appropriate for high moisture or water content of space (such as bathroom, kitchen), no dark spots and other problems. The simplest revelation method is to use a glass of water down the back of the tile, water stains scatter quickly, indicating high water absorption, and vice versa is low. Check the tile surface quality can be wiped with a hard object glazed ceramic tile, if leaving traces, indicating the poor quality; we have to see the color tiles clean is not clear, look at with the ########## eye there is no pinhole, the pinhole is easy to amass dirty material, and finally observed flatness of the tile, the side straight, easy to shop, the effect 也好.
12, today to actually visit the shopping, carefully peruse the Nobel Prize, the medalist and some of the less famous brands of tiles, find the price too distant off. Such as at least 90,100 since the Nobel, and less prominent brands attempt only 30, 40. I carefully looked at the color level and straight, that are good, really do not understand why the price difference even now?
A: The price of the combination is in many ways. Including manufacturing costs, magisterial expenses, advertising expenses, sales profits, dealers into other aspects. Performance than the reference price is a factor, but not a performance factor than absolute.
13, if it is aesthetic, then, need to do on the surface of manipulation. If it is retro brick, tiles can not do the anti-fouling layer.
14, lobby layer I absence to use tiles, but penetrate the many differ types of tiles, Shanghai, Foshan, fossils and glass Smith grams Eagle, Dongpeng Polished What is the distinction? Look similar, but some of CIMIC is also cheaper? Can I use it? No matter what kind of brick, in the living room must be accustom in anti-fouling layer, still it is lustered. Tolerance of some brick says, does not mean that there is a taint layer oh. I do not now generally made of lustered, loss of trust.
15, the quality is very seamless tile right?
antecedent, maybe we all listened of seamless thing. Now, some seamless tile is pure speculation ploy, purchasers need to pay attention. Aside decoration is not that we know from the physical point of view, it is theoretically justified:
A: is the seamless expansion of the overall 360-degree ostensible, so there will not crack. The bulk of ceramic tile in a relatively closed space construction to the wall, case in point, generally around and below must have a nailed part of the wall and the ground closed, if the tiles in the construction of a seamless process, it expands, it is to where the elongation it? Obviously, to achieve a seamless tile to tile the premise that the thermal expansion and contraction rate is naught. We kas long asthis possibility is zero. Then forced to seamlessly knob the consequences? Thermal expansion and contraction can not tear down the tile wall, because the back of the adhesion strength of the wall can not be greater than the shove. Only then the same consequences: tile arch.
16, generally less than 30 square meters living room with brick 600 * 600. If greater than 30 square meters, can be 800 * 800 tiles.
17, must be dirt floor tiles, slip, do not light to look good, matt tiles difficult to clean up
18, brick tiles on the whole body is polished quartz crystal increases, etc., the Mona Lisa is good, discounted 75 yuan / square. To prevent black brick on the infiltrated water to go out, melodrama it again when the first cleaning wax (naturally better than a good wax technique), on the porous bricks will not be sealed after the infiltration, the resort is only aesthetic problems, water slip, the rudder is also good.
19, skirting tiles with lumber, glass of skirting color, cozy to find the right size, effortless out. Set on the wall solid wood skirting and thin.
20, tile grouts grouts with Henkel good, 5kg, 39 yuan / sack, white bag, Homemart cheap.
matt non-slip (on a layer of glazed tiles):
21, the kitchen tiles with Marco Polo (85-90 / square meter) of the light blue is good. Roman Leo 60 / m (Qi parent recommended).
22, Silver Whale (the kitchen) of good quality, 200X300 70 / square. No longer can use a small ravine brick. Tile mid-range in 40-60 / m, matt good, does not droop pattern selection (especially the kitchen), so easy cleaning. Rome white matte 200 × 200 48 yuan / square (good use of the bathroom).
tiling process
23, retraction of the toilet compartment on the wall that do not consume space, and posted a very good very nice tile. Of course, tile alignment that trouble to say
24, when other students in the tiling must note the following points: ① ② the best part of the scene he can not let the faultless tile can be posted in the future some workers do not see the location, such as cabinets, sinks , mirrors behind, but also pay attention to tile, brick, etc. Do not waist is more than the workers attached to the position, otherwise you will not see everything, also wasting money. ③ wall tiles, floor tiles in the paste before the overrun damage must be enough time. ④ Be sure to drain plug with something good, to prevent going off the cement plug. My family out because the cement floor drain is blocked, it took 30 management office to find clear, get up a lot of small muck. ⑤ at the scene, the workers will not be too wasted tiles. Tiling my family when not at the scene, then go, wasted a lot of brick, very sorrowful, all sweat Mimi Yeah.
25, cabinet designer, said upper and lower cabinets or after the cement paste can be drew nearly leveling the sub-brick, I bought a box of sub-blocks. But my home workers posted around the gas meter deep blue tiles (pearly picked out with him do not have is an acquaintance introduced, said he was not good).
26, a wall of long, high. Such as a bathroom with four walls, each wall should measure out its long, high. And then discount a window and door area. Finally, count the ground area. After you put a good amount of size, you can also get to sell tile sub shop, they will help you re-match. Plus 5% of the losses on the line.
27, the slope of the bathroom floor before tiling to think the good, the slope is not in agreement with citizen criterion to achieve the efficacy of quick drainage, and if you use a deodorant or a svelte floor drain floor drain will greatly addition the drainage problems. Some human say that soak slope and beautiful, I consider it is nonsense. On the contrary larger slope water to fast sprint a neat is a very refreshing thing.
28, sun angle tile lines do not use the proceeds side, 45-degree angle to grind bricklayer splicing was beauteous, of course, you do not choose Tijuana workers lazy way to do things.
29, posted after the tile is not good, a entire piece of brick hollowing (prejudiced hollowing can not exceed 20% of the all piece of brick), if the whole piece of brick hollowing be rectified, under normal circumstances, each affixed 100 piece of brick, brick wall tiles are allowed to have a hollowing, to permit two brick tile is hollowing, but must rework, rework the cardinal material (already counted in the detriment of) from them, if extra than this range , the cardinal material from the construction side is responsible.
30, often the case, the level of tile degree of error of 2 mm is allowed, the gap be the same tiles, bricks and tiles should be flat on the corner (allowed peccadillo of 0.5 mm), kitchen, health in addition to brick wall tiles and the brick should be flat on the corner, the need to class degrees (allow 1 mm tolerance) and vertical (allowing 2 mm error) to achieve, bathroom, balcony to the floor drain tile should be considered, then put away first slope, the absence of special because there is water.
31, carpenter and mason's Door package is to tie in with the tiling, including door pocket of time to consider the following ground (the ground side of the door either side) is also tiled cement mortar or other thing, because if you paste porcelain Door Nail good before, has archives to the ground, with cement in the future, if cement and Door stained, moldy water will cause wood Door
32, the balcony will to be tiled! King terrace to angle approximately to shop, shop to live with the railing to the balcony with the lofty. My family view balcony to balcony wall angle and the life is not paved, but to arrange a pail of appearance wall, they sometimes refresh ... ...
33, should be cautiously sifted dirt, can not have ice. Construction workers will be filled according to the actual construction needs applicable add antifreeze, mixing mortar, the water temperature should not exceed 80 ℃, with the use of ground to be adjusted, the curing time will amplify the construction bricklayer 48-72 hours. Cement construction is not in the open climate, to make antifreeze.
34, ledge stone with the Great Wall of beads Angeles, is a 800X800 tiles. Manufacturers cut good milling, Mason posted. Nice pattern also
35, should not use white cement tiles pointing hook. No month into a black seam, hideous decease. The results they have bought their own hook pointing agent, that tired
36, brick paved the need to protect, or if there is a nail mallet out on the tiles with water rust, rust stains that seeped into the tiles on the inside, and I the middle of the living room there are two, I knelt down and rubbed for a long time
no use. NND really want to cut the nail that throw workers;
37, tiles flowers there is not even aimed at the door, a half-brick side position. (Decorator lazy, did not cut the tiles to fight, we also lazy, did not go) Do not trust the renovation union with the mind, even now the error is manifest they will follow suit worthwhile.
38, the bathroom floor if higher than the hall, the conversion can be used to solve the door stone. Brick color is difficult to find satisfactory, I did not find, but the two kinds of color are not satisfied with staggered mosaic sub 45-degree angle I was able to achieve satisfactory results. This is indeed the bricklayer himself put forward good suggestions.
39, the more confused the wall before tiling rowdy as possible, so that it can increase the adjoin cement and the wall force zone. Specific approach is to use an electric drill on the wall some more hole drilled out, the better. Now some decoration companies phone this siesta, I have not seen the specific practices, but my family told me later that the bricklayer is not dealing with the practice of the wall, but on the first coil repeatedly to glue the wall, then put cement dumped to the wall, cement solidification, as theater is inside the walls as potholed, and then go down to something like tiling, in fact, doing so without increasing the wall of cement and real contact space for the force contribute little, so I think that this contention is really a little siesta to cheat people.
40, tiling bricklaying pull when certain requirements,
Air Max 90 Boot, supplemented by the level of foot, no matter how good bricklayer boast craft, feeling good, I suggest you insist that he used tool to control the quality. I have a deep lesson here, when I asked when the pull bricklaying tiling, with tools, bricklaying assured me that his touch is certainly no problem, the result is posted, to the last bricklayer into my home renovation project the biggest problem , Xiu Xiu are bad.
41, the common load-bearing walls with cement mortar on the surface can be, but the kitchen flue, duct bathroom, kitchen and pack a pipe wall tiling to be sure to add the 108 glue cement mortar which increase the tack.
42, decoration company tiling, the tile commerce union holding a potentate with Daixinban do to make your inspection, acceptance, in fact, with a few things that are not standard on raw, so can not take that to check tiling is good or bad, must use aluminum as a ruler or level of foot exam.
43, to prevent the hollowing, check the tile hollowing can not just knock on the had finished, best to wait twenty-three hours and then knock, with particular attention to the four corners of tiles. I suggest that we have to knock a piece, be sure to hear the hollowing rework, not soft-hearted, because this time if you make do, and wait until the last tile on the drill to install the things you will know when hollowing impair had never been seen If you do a drill out of a corner on the tile, you will be in tears.
44, bathroom tiles, floor drain so as to be considered at the lowest point, so when you put the slope paving, I use 30 cm - 0 cm large brick emotion well, perhaps with a small point to put the bricks Singapore is better.
45, living in the shop 60 * 60 tiles, cement tiles with the thickness must be at least shop how many centimeters?
A: at least 3cm.
46, I want to shop ceramic wear tiles, and dry-shop reach, arranging floor tiles need drenching before it? How to dip? A: The need for immersion, after immersion in water does not foam to dominate. Generally takes about 15-30 minutes.
47, now the tiles are dry paste method, the gap smaller, less so to the ground joints look good. How does dry paste method is tiled in? A: The use of ceramic tile adhesive paste is also called dry method, a new type of sidewalk materials. Tiles do not need pre-soaking wet bottom surface. As long as the basis for better conditions on the pavement can be greatly amended operating conditions. The bonding effect is more than the orthodox cement mortar, principally for operating a small working environment is not ideal for small projects and home decoration.
48, tiled cement mortar sure to add paste, tiling, when the official would not have been mixed in a mortar attach with rubber concrete glue, but the brick before the best water in the paste soak, and so the dried paste.
49, tiling of the Yin-Yang angle handled in two ways: direct use of ready-made moldings yin and yang moldings, easy way to do some of this; Another means is to grind the edge tile bricklayer to 45 degree angle, two sharpened edges of the tiles touched corner, a full 90-degree angle sun came out, act so is cumbersome and claiming. Personally think that the touch angle is better.
50, height can be used not to solve the door stone, tile laying low point in the height of laminate flooring below. Plus bedding will treasure leveling foot feeling better.
51, tiling the wall before the first treatment to eradicate the white construction wall, then wall water watery, then premier with a 1:1.5:0.2 cement mortar in the wall dump slurry, brushing the wall so not easy to blister, not easy to crack. Advance with the workers should be clear: the root of how to deal with the wall, cracks in what solution, scraping a few times putty, paint brush a few times and so on.
52, the cement over the plant for three months can not be used, and different varieties, names can not mix the cement, sand must use creek sand, mouth to taste the taste to know
53, the wall can not have non-integer two rows of bricks, clean suture tile quickly after completion of clean-up, pipe wall across the jaws in the fashion of cut sets to be used, so it looks or the stop of brick floor drain floor drain
: buy water seal odor, do not buy the cover odor, the buyer-shaped, circular well-cut brick. Lvxin Home Building Materials City (West Fourth Ring clear Qiaoxibeijiao Four Seasons) and
the hole ahead installing the toilet is a big, large floor drain cover can fall off, if your floor drain has been installed and the toilet is not installed, do pay consideration to floor drain covers, floor drain or to cover it up elsewhere custody 也好.
78, and if you use a deodorant or a thin floor drain floor drain will greatly increase the drainage problems. Some people say that steep slope and pretty, I think it is nonsense. On the contrary larger slope water to quickly run a clean is a very refreshing thing.
vanity is wall drain or floor drain to be laid down in advance. Under the original pipe, floor drain better not to change the location. Change is not good, most likely the pan of water.
If the floor drain installed the original developers have the kind of harm smell of the
The floor drain pan taste I suggest using the sink to drain the deep, 5 cm deep water tank is very easy to use, of course, have to regularly go to drain in the sink
79, waterproof finish to be dry, a 48 hours, 48 hours after the house to go to the afterward level, if there is no wet ceiling marks, can be passed, otherwise you need to redo the waterproofing layer. Where leakage is most likely to
sure to drain plug with something good out of cement down to prevent clogging. My family out because the cement floor drain is blocked, it took 30 management office to find clear, get up a lot of small mud.
bathroom tiles, floor drain so as to be considered at the lowest point, so when you put the slope paving, I use 30 cm - 0 cm large brick feeling well, perhaps with a small point of comparison brick Slope good.
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third part to change the water pipes
1, PPR pipe not only for cold water pipes, also applies to hot water pipes, and even clean drinking water pipeline. PPR pipe interface with hot-melt technology, are completely integrated into the tube together, so once installed pressure test, no leakage. PPR pipe and will not scale. PPR pipe scale never known, never rust, never leaks, high water of green materials.
2, in the end choose what kind of water: the market transformation of the mainstream water PPR pipes and copper pipes, plastic pipe has been gradually less, recently seen there is a PPR aluminum compound pipe It combines the installation will not leak PPR melt strengths and plastic pipe high temperature resistance, and will not break with an advantage, and perhaps the future will become a trend.
1) on the PPR pipes, the plant because of the low cost of investment, can be said about 200,000, so the rivalry in the market disarray, good and wrong mixed, need attention.
PPR pipes for hot-melt technology progressive, the general said life watertight, but PPR pipe will become breakable at cheap temperatures, high temperatures, there will be some changes, so should be selected when purchasing the brand, many communities developers to provide a breaking of PPR pipe will break, so pipes, or by inches, how good PPR both fell to the ground, generally will not break or crack. I saw some brand of PPR pipes, including some online do arrest the brand of pipe and fittings inexplicable cracks the case, so we select the pipes need to be cautious. PPR water pipe is generally hot and cold water points, thin wall cold-water pipe, water pipe wall thickness, the fracture resistance much better extravaganza in hot water pipes, hot water pipes of course the price is more valuable than the cold water pipe, a lot of water PPR tube manufacturers in order to be safe, change the tube when the Bufen hot water, hot water pipes are used, the purpose is to Paleng crack pipes, at the end of the day, Beijing is also part of the north, in the family may be very cheap minimum temperature, temperature and one low, PPR water will become frail, so they will have to use hot water tubes, some of this safety factor, of course, also a little more money the owners,
2) on the brass, the high price is its biggest failings, is the most high-end pipes, usually welded watertight for life after the installation process, while not as bad as the PPR will be split, even saying there is a certain degree of bactericidal effect of copper, Beijing Union Medical College Hospital is with brass, has 80 years, should be trusted. Currently known Shanghai Bao Yang, the three manufacturers of brass net and other costs of water reform in charge of doing all-inclusive price of 4 at the most 70 yuan per meter, in many cases are more than 50 per meter, it is generally still acceptable. Some people say that copper heat quickly, my family inside the net with three brass, in terms of heat generation is only about Bao Yang, but it took more than two years, I really did not feel out of the shower water will How much heat dissipation, so that we do not must filter, especially now thatthe second generation ocean treasure brass, better insulation, heat does not exist shortcomings friends.
3) I was asked, brass and PPR pipes cost which is better? I say this problem is difficult to respond, like cars, Mercedes-Benz BMW is the automobile, Buick Accord is the automobile, the Jetta is the automobile Beverly, Otto lunar calendar, or car, if you let me inside more in the same class of goods, is separation of a cost-effective, but if you take more than the BMW and the lunar calendar, which you let me say a good price, it really is hard to say, because they are not the same location and price. Brass, PPR, aluminum pipe, galvanized pipe, steel pipe, etc., can be used as water pipes, if non bring different types of water is meaningless to liken, my conviction is if you can afford copper The price, of course, choose to brass, if you can not afford, PPR is a good choice.
If you let me re-decoration, choose what water, I choose to brass, but this is only my private point of view.
3, PPR pipe is to consider the thickness of stickers, ready to tile, so the tube will not be exposed to
4, water reform: Pilsa PPR good (long plastic tube may be leaking at the interface),
5, only to find today mounted bathroom faucet install, no matter how small connecting pipes and taps are short left exposed threaded pipe, PPR pipe if installed when the tile ended calculating fine post, the nozzle can be vacationed from the tile surface must that small threaded pipe can not be exposed to, but now had to make it left exposed, the other triangle base valve PPR pipe connection is also exposed in the tile is very difficult to see appearance.
6, aluminum pipe, when installed must be sealed cement workers under the supervision of the construction standards to allow expansion space for hot water pipes. Short plastic tube not closed strong, and loose some of the good thing.
7, a customer asked, my family is the aboriginal water pipe such as plastic pipe, or any other type of tube was then PPR or brass can do? I replied, under normal circumstances are possible, because you all over of the water meter is the standard connector, then no matter what the water before the water meter, either PPR or brass, are available after the water meter connected to a standard connector fittings So do not anxiety about this problem.
8, my new house developers have installed PVC water pipe, copper pipe I want to change into, I surprise if I were you?
A: You sure you is pvc pipe? I guess you should say is a composite aluminum, right? Generally can not be replaced. However, if the use of raspy conditions, such as for hot water pipes, consider replace copper pipes. Because of thermal expansion and shrinkage may result in separation of interior and outer composite tube leakage. But if it is just
pvc pipes, must be replaced.
change the water
1, a, the construction team on the water before entering the construction of a tests, before the alteration tubes.) and beat down plaster layer, load-bearing walls for installation on the c,
burying the pipes after the water pressure test is also very important. Test, we must all be present, and the test for at fewest 30 minutes, conditions permitting, the best one hour. 10 kg pressure, without any rebate before the final test.
2, be sure to change the water carefully, one costs money; second, if only the ceiling from the floor must be laid down in water, if water problems big trouble. In the kitchen floor to go outside the water, since home correction is to give a time mine, who state clearly whether Shashi Hou for his trouble.
3, on the balcony if you need to increase a sink, decorated to embedded pipes.
4, to buy their own materials must first reckon the approximate measure. To buy water when the material to do the latter anyway, analytic about painting with the sea chart in the end how much material came out, so what little trust the foreman, the result was found to buy water 5 meters, the actual use 27 copper head one, actually bought a 40, should the remaining 13, 7 short of the actual remaining six. Under repeated questioning from other sites back up boss Detailed calculations of the pre-circuit their own material, the calculated results and after comparing the foreman of the requirements: from 30 m to 12 cable meters, network cable from 20 m to 13 m, other issues such as insulating tape, plug both large way was I correct ... ...
5, if the old water pipes under the ground, in counting to the drop when the alternate is constantly damaged, do not hesitate to be laying a fashionable, do not retention, to assure safety.
6, installation of water pipes before they take the leading and basin, sink have bought?
not, just determine where is the basin faucet, bathtub faucet, washing machine what's on the line leading, leading 99 percent and fell into the water are in line with multinational norms, by the time workers are not slovenly, all right. If you own basin cabinet, basin bought in advance, or optimistic about the size. Determine the amount of units in front of the sink a good size, front loading station to buy Haojiu Xing, do not forget the audience or on stage. Distance between hot and cold water pipes with cement tiles must be sealed before the 15 cm accuracy, and must be parallel. If you have bought, it is best put something, such as sealed after the unpacked
7, fitted bath and shower faucet course taps connected to the tube is embedded in the wall, I have again told them to size get accurate, not when the time is not installed on. The results left the hot and cold water spacing is 15 cm, can be hot and cold water pipes are not collateral, the results of the water feeding the electrical charge of the compel was the placement. Yesterday I found that fb GROHE thermostatic mixer coating even be forced cracked. We can be installed if the leader, the first installed it. Should be the first leader to buy back, and then install hot and cold water, tiled bar. Oujia bought a very early lead, is Oujia master to buy.
8, the preparation in addition to water, but also pay attention to buried water pipes in the wall then the height of the leading, otherwise it will affect such as water heaters, washing machines and the installation altitude.
9, plus move the sewer pipe mouth, then in the new and old sewer pipes should be checked before the entrance of the old sewer butt is smooth, this time a lot of money to clear the morsel to avoid future trouble
10, the pipe must be open balcony slot to go underground pipe, or sunlight, the pipe prone micro-organisms.
11, not to the old house of the old leading transplant, after a long time of using the old faucet caustic corrosion, through the demolition, installation process is even more solid. I installed the toilet is old in dog lead, together with a few days later the wall broken. A break in the wall inside. No appropriate way to take out, had to resist the odor with a saw blade, screwdriver, beat into combat together, 3:00 only then that cut off the dug and pain.
12, water leakage: Suppose pipes and fittings does not have quality problem, then cold water pipes and hot water pipes are likely to leak. Cold water pipe was leaking water pipes and fittings are generally closed when the connection is not prepared; leaking hot water pipe did not do in addition to sealing, the sealing material may be used improperly.
13, the flow of small reasons: fathoming construction, in mandate to connect the line to saw good in the water on the set of threads, if the thread is too long, the connection pipe screw fittings (such as the elbow) too deep, it will occasion a smaller flow cross-section, the water also smaller.
14, the pipe burst. Sanitary piping connected to most of the able use of snake-like hose. Poor quality or if the hose when the hose screw plumber install a tight grip, do not for a long time will make use of the hose rupture.
15, flushing the toilet spill when the reason is that when installing the toilet is not part of the base oil putty stamp groove, flush with the ground when the base will be from the gap between the overflow of sewage.
16, wash basins back into the water smell. Completed bathroom renovation, the location will often move with the basin water entrance with the wrong place, buy when equipped with a basin of water under the direct use is often difficult. Installers for the easy way, generally do not do S bend, resulting in wash basin and water through pipes, sewer back up from the smell.
17, roof damage caused by leaking pipes. Family room in addition to the kitchen, up and down the water pipes in the bathroom, the radiator in each room are even more prone to problems. As the pipe installation is not easy to check, so all pipeline construction is completed, be sure to go through water, pressure checks, no run, run, drip, drain clearance considered.
18, Buried in the line, but off. Because many bedroom Buried lines are used, so the head of the family is not easy to check the quality of construction. As a rule, the line can not be directly buried in Buried in plaster layer, but to the wire outside casing. Casing of the wire can not have misrepresented joints. In addition, the line installation, be sure to strictly inspect the After construction, in addition to power checks, but also to the heads of the construction team to provide a detailed circuit configuration diagram.
19, at home in the end with a bit thick water: In general, if the home is not a villa,
Air Max 360, 4 water enough friends, only family villa, there are several bathrooms, or living in high-rise buildings,
Women's Air Max 95, there Water pressure may be small, then only need to consider is not in charge with 6, as to say what is pressure? Intuitive understanding is that the water pressure, such as you open the faucet, hand and feel the open half of the leader and all the open leading out of the water feeling the impact of the competitor is not the same, right? If you open the faucet all the hands on the following, the power of water will feel great, then the pressure on the large, if all the open water out of the still very slow, so pressure is small, you can think about yourself, if two individuals at the same water taps are half-open state, with enough water on the line. And then simply, if you usually water, must all turn on the tap, the water was enough, then state your water pressure is very small, so imagine, if two people with water, we need all the open faucet, water is certainly is not enough, in which case, you have to consider six points with a little rough water friends.
20, my family's water need transformation? If you are not home after the water from the water meter, or a pipe, but not good, such as galvanized pipe, PVC pipe, or pipe location is unreasonable, to re-do, then you need to transform.
21, the general transformation of water companies, are transformed from the water meter room, after all, generally do not do partial renovation. Because all of the water to transform their cost was worthy, when clearly define the responsibilities Ye Hao future problems.
22, pipe renovation take? This question is difficult to say, based on your family circumstances, time may be longer or shorter, there is no standard elucidation.
23, should stay out of water reform in the end what kind of connector? General location of toilet outlet need to stay in a cold, wash bowl, kitchen sink, shower or bathtub position, we need to stay hot and cold water, two exits. Note that is not to export less to stay or leave is wrong, then my family is left to the toilet a hot mouth, and then I changed over, of course, is transformed water company's liability, not that we do not need to know Toilet stay cold, they Jinong reversed, but this problem of annoying, because this problem is usually the last of what were somehow tiles, sanitary installation when it found that some pipes buried in the wall , the bad and then moved, so it is best to exhort the workers must pay attention to water reform, and preferably after the end of the transformation test to see whether the water exits the normal, is not hot water pipes when the water table water convey , cold water when the cold water pipe fixed. Another general water exports are 4 standard interface.
24, I can follow my request on the water where the water where you want it? Of course you can, but you should pay attention, you change the location of water pipes, then is not appropriate under the water also needs to change, which requires you considering the most recent basin users will be moved to another position from a wall a wall , the Advisory Baoyang so if there are problems of people, Bao Yang cook water from their point of view, of course, no problem, according to their understanding of a corresponding move lower over the water by the time there is no problem, so it did not say What, this is not what customers are somehow tiles, sanitary ware sent the final installation, the installation of the water basin when it is accomplished not move over, I sympathize with the customer, to be honest, I do not very understand why customers do not know anyhow need to move into the water? Simple matter of common sense, you always want to outflow of water go? How this problem may not think of it? Even if all the people did not prompt you, we may think that this general sense do not need reminding, but their customers should think of wow? Until now this problem has not decided the matter, the customer is a treasure that alien people do not remind people that there is no ocean treasure their responsibilities, the consumer he did not move into the water, do not say Po Yang and water, so just put about at a time water is moved up and down over no problem, Sheung Shui, who finished a thought, the customer has not moved into the water, I am also very difficult, the attitude between the two diametrically disapproved, there is no coordination may, eventually, I advise clients to consumer associations grumble of it, or see what public statement.
25, but this example is to point out, water reform, the buyer got the mind to their own, after all, home is your own, in truth, the transformation is nothing more than water outlet where the set aside, out of any water problems, as how the pipeline like wading, water companies are generally suggested, such as dome or floor is to take it, you can choose the best according to their own program to make sure, without a transformation of sea water enterprise or the company's transformation of the decoration ministry, will your water transformation of the outlet and the place determination, they never ever can only be suggested that the final determination always is all the customer's own, because the house is yours, is that you spend money, they can only be based on their experience to you suggest it, they will not assist you make any determination, no problem we are laughingly, and if there are problems, and to make decisions of course you can not afford, so ah, they really will not help you make a decision .
26, water in the end is to take the ceiling or on the ground: Under normal circumstances, take the dues ceiling pipes, take the ground provincial control, but take the ceiling, to assist future maintenance, then, if we take the ground, covered with ceramic tiles, hard to repair sometimes need slotted ground, including water, and so do, so I like to go on a pipeline from the shed.
said before my family was to leave the toilet water, good water is my home away from the kitchen ceiling, so very simple, cleared a few Lvkou Ban, sub-cooling in the kitchen to the bathroom, hot water pipes the local exchange will be like hot and cold water, think about if you was to go from the floor, it would must excavate tiles, re-turn on the water, and so do you, trouble can be assumed.
So, I suggest that if water needs across the room, it is best to go above, do not go on the ground, spend more money, intend a heart at ease, in fact, home improvement is the most troublesome sea, and the heating circuit transformation not in it to save money, this is my personal view.
27, water reform needs to seek property advice? Of course, Sheung Shui and narrated to the transformation of water into the water, some need to move locations, including water meter location, outlet location, location, etc. under the water, are best ready to consult before the transformation properties What is dynamic, with What is not moving, at present, we are not buying the villa, which means your house is not full you can have the final say, and property companies need to reiterate your changes, you will have to determine whether shock on the neighbors, so the property is to consider the interests of the landlords, if you are not satisfied, I suggest you work to buy a detached villa, own your house demolition are none, but you either villa, you must hear to the property, after all, some changes relative to the interests of everyone Yeah.
we should work to the property where the decoration before signing the concert, the property will usually inquire you to write out what needs to be done at home renovation project, I suggest that you do not take this thing as going via the films, I suggest that we are real prose, such as water and electricity but also for the transformation, Heating transformation, cutting down wall and other projects, more staff to keep the property in-depth communication, to lest the problem can not be saved.
28, in which we have an example at hand, say to you, all follow the long experience points. We are a customer, the meter is not at home in their own homes, but outside in their own homes, the property may be handy for meter reading on the outdoor bar. Then he transformed water ocean to find treasure, treasure-site measurement of foreign workers after the measurement that can be done, from the technical point of view, there is no problem, you do not care about foreign treasure meter is indoors or outdoors, anyway started from the meter on the line after. But the real begin doing, discovered that the pipes do not allow some outdoor activities, the result is that the property is not allowed, Po-yang can not prop water reform, the customer was maddening, once and for all, his schedule was delayed a few days, is that the treasure Yang did not remind, in fact, this problem is very infrequent in Beijing, the Beijing may be, water in the outdoor area, but 1%, Po foreign workers do not have contact with the measurement of this location, to remind customers actually think it is normal, once and for all, the experience has a cumulative process, not the same quality of workers, etc., but when installed there is such a problem is no one wants to see, I individually feel that if customers know in advance consultation with the property, then This will not appear pessimistic, then again, water quality and to see the transformation of people's circumstances are different from each other, at the end of the day, they can only experience in their range to provide you with advice and reminders, but if They themselves do not know, or they think a matter of course, then it may not remind the customer,
Men's Air Max 2010, then the upper heart of the customer's own needs.
29, hot and cold water pipes left and the right heat cold
30, water from the ground and try not to go
31, have a cold water pipe in the wall of the protective layer 1CM, hot water pipe is 1.5CM, so loading slot to open a deep
32, decided to go on the wall slotted tube, it is best to ask the property, where your ideas can take the tube slot, if not the best way to think of other good, Otherwise, a hurry that time,
Men's Air Max 2009, certainly out of Hunzhao.
33, bath shower faucet to stay hot and cold water connections, installation of water pipes are sure to adjust the angle, the shower is best bought in advance, try loading it. Particular attention in the tiled shower before the first simple distort on the stickers, ready to remove the tiles later, to finally install. When tiling to prevent water interfaces has been fixed, but is not installed on the publish because of the angle and then the ache of airplane tiles.
34, to the left of the toilet water interface, the position must be off the ground and the height of the toilet tank adapter, if you stay high, the end is likely to conflict when installed toilet.
35, at the wash basin, pedestal if the installation, note the distance between hot and cold water outlet should not be too wide, or install a pedestal, pedestal not cover the length of that column of hot and cold water pipes, from the pedestal the assured side, can see both sides of pipes.
36, left the bathroom a good addition to the washing machine out of the tap, the best interface, but also to linger a leader, so what the future would like the convenience of contacts of water gardening. This problem can also be purchased with a tap of the shower to resolve.
37, water reform must be good in the initial price. If the group is fitting, then, 1,000 yuan accessible changed, they still can do. My compact is water per meter of $ 40 per meter circuit is $ 20, the final count down, a quick 3000 yuan. Also, increase for much for feasible until the final item to disburse money. Remain in the hands of more money, the more emboldened to speak with their hard
38, water circuit transformation: the decoration of the water circuit transformation in their hearts zz may need to cost a lot of money, it is not true! Water transformation corners out to be The dangerous chapter of the conceal, have to pay so many money, quite worth! Bathroom itself should have the presence of water, why do we have to wreck this routine? Change the water regardless of the property, can not find the person responsible, and that only Beautiful killer! Circuit transformation is nought more than to spend not more than $ 300 labor dictate entire? Themselves to purchase materials only two to 3 hundred dollars it? Compared to water, transform the circuit to spend three or 4 thousand to less than it! But likewise practical.
39, a three-room house. Developers handover, in the living room and master bedroom were left with two wire interfaces. The answer immediately has two:
(1) the two ports, is also to go cable and tel lines. So how do I put cable and tel line points out?
(2) the other two rooms also want to go online. How take over? Is received from the two ports? So how then ah? The line connected with each color? Or from the outside, then come in?
A: The blue line is that on the tel line, yellow and green two couples of web cable. Other rooms to the Internet, you need to install the navel and cable extension.
Later purchased a house {above|aboardaboveshore} t
Hybrid Mode
