No material what calling you study , how many you

[butterfly effect] [] [frog phenomenon catfish crocodile effect of law] [] [] [herding ],[; [logic] [bird imprison diffusion of responsibility effect of Parkinson's Law]] [[halo effect
Hawthorne effect] [] [] [of learned helplessness experiments witnesses Rosenthal effect of memories] [] []
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butterfly effect butterfly effect: the 1970s, the United States a Mingjiao Luo Lunzi air meteorologists in the interpretation of system theory, said that the Amazon rain forest a butterfly wings occasionally vibration, maybe two weeks can cause a hurricane in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to amplify after its future status will cause a very huge feud. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important, can not be perplexed.
today's business, its fate also by the Consumers increasingly believe that consciousness, so the mark buyer, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the amount of these intangible factors will be their choice. So long as a little attention, we can easily see that some management practices, work well in their company philosophy will emerge in this sentence:
treat 100 consumers, only one satisfied, so proud that you can only 1% failure, but for the client, he got in return was 100% satisfied.
today, grant companies to change the destiny of the buses and other news in the emergence of emulation, companies sit and worry-free monopoly growing latent of micro and open competition so that enterprises must consider all the latent factors that affect development.
streamlining their organizations, officials laid off,Diesel Jeans, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to enable scale up people away from the orthodox security, followed by on their own to decide the fate. The organizational and personal freedom combined result is: who can arrest the profitable life of the
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[phenomenon]
frog frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the kettle, for of its detrimental responses are very acute surroundings, ambition rapidly bound out of jug appearance. If you put a frog into a jug of chilly water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final sequel is to be boiled frog is die, for the water temperature so high namely the frog tin not stand, it has also late, or that there is not aptitude to bound out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to vigilant, and disposed to cause people to necrosis but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the substantial situation , there is no remove detection.
One revelation: the survival of our organization and a major threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow, gradual and imperceptible process of formation. Short-sighted people, only to see local, and can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face the major changes occurring silently, but can not find, and ultimately will bring us even more serious impair! ~
Second revelation is: frog, as if the blues in our lives, we must look to the future, hard thinking to new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, not been
Implications of the 3 is: Today's society is a knowledge outbreak, rapid, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, status quo, do not think ahead, so go on, will certainly be eliminated at all timess, will face a risk of unemployment!
Insight 4: we do not simply, only the face of sudden peril, the neglect of the kind of slow and microscopic little danger, because, that very slow and small slight risk, is the most horrible!
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[law]
crocodile crocodiles rule: its ambitious is to suppose that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the direction of the market, must stop immediately, without any defer, shall not have any fortune.
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[effect]
before catfish, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the position is somewhat enhanced, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be undoubtedly played a role in stirring; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not dead.
When an organization working to achieve a more stable state, often means lower employee motivation, fish effect An organization, if there is always a
It namely manifested in 2 aspects, 1 company to continuously increase fresh blood, those vibrant, quick-witted young force into the workforce and even treatment, apt those who repose on its laurels, conservative and bureaucratic laziness employees to send competitive pressures to raise The second namely to often introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new treatment conceptions, so for to enable companies to fighting the tide waves in the mall, enhance survivability and adaptability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, mastery activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, capable of prologue , leadership manner changes and so on. But I deem that catfish effect thinking and application of many more. Thinking of assorted viewpoints, identify problems, solve the problem is different.
First, if the catfish body on behalf of the leader.
leaders inspire others to complete missions that the individual or collective, in the dead sardine carton, a symbol of a group of sardines on a highly homogeneous group, their capabilities similar levels, lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the whole body is a swollen state, the appearance of the leader catfish (or internal sardines evolved catfish), new broom sweeps clean, penalty, normative systems, the transformation process, the rational delivery of jobs and people, financial, substance, and gradually the business organization has been improvement, cut down costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, and drove away , has the capacity of sardines has been a positive provocation, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the organization's vitality has been mobilized, so that the collective power of more mighty, dominate the market, maintain the market have a solid foundation.
From this perspective, catfish leader should have the following characteristics:
1 - deed decisively, resolutely: quickly find the stagnant organization where ailment and the ability to cut the Gordian node, quickly and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, a mighty style of work: scientific decision-making, and to oversee the implementation of the decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and configuration, wage design and evaluation, etc. reflect the innovative fancies, reflect the benefits of innovation.
4 - absence because finishing,Diesel Loose Jeans, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term evolution plans and objectives, to forecast the instruction of organizational evolution and existing and future human resource gap, which can mainly nail future aptitude, cut off the haul is not suitable for development of the union staff.
5 - the system perspective, the bravery to change: the ability to observe from within and outside the organizational changes in the structure and feature of the system, not only regard ourselves as part of an organization (as opposed to a fisher, a leader in catfish itself is a sardine, a fisherman is the leader), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, they can bring the staff open up the situation, to break the customary, to effect good results.
for the leader under the leadership of the struggle for a common goal of employee groups, if the leader has catfish features, then the way to survive is in motion, to stimulate their own stamina , at least to simultaneous speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business objectives), so as not to be dined catfish arrest up, or pushed by other sardines final choked.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a crew.
then it manner that new, curious, different, including different views, different behavior, different habits, because different, will inspire wisdom, a team needs different personalities , different skills, different experiences of people joining the work, if we are all all-employees, then the team produce imaginative, to produce high performance is slender. Focus on team erection, communication and team exertion today, due to attract catfish to combine the team, will bring the whole team working atmosphere and active, bringing innovation to bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, full of catfish, the whole team will be there, the whole team foul, so some Japanese companies believe in the truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the fashion, the team treated the other employees in the catfish, it should work on the foundation of their cooperation.
Again, if the catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
Now in many companies, organizational building and work process re-engineering of the devise is still to transform a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, humdrum boring job content so that people feel favor a bucket of crowded sardines, have no enthusiasm, not willing to post more, think more promotions, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment of the catfish effect applied to the work design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is apparent. How restless, zealous catfish into the backwater of the work as well? This is a tough science, it was debated from the horizontal and vertical expansion of the range of work, work to deepen the content, so that employees who experience a cloud of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging, exciting work while excitement and desire; argued the way the use of growth rotation of staff competence, so that they work more catfish swim joy; I retain that the application of these measures, meantime also focusing on matching people with jobs individuality, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines sardines on to do things, have locations in both the work content of catfish should work with the content of sardines, the maximum momentous thing is to find staff favorites, look at those work that allows them to generate power and enthusiasm catfish, and only after the match, catfish effect can really melodrama its character, or set up a catfish though the content of work, but can not find this kind of work the staff was very moving, fighting, then this catfish has chance a dead fish.
From this perspective, the work of the catfish's work on behalf of rich content, it is exciting Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, job experience, and so fresh the other. For leaders and human resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, at what level to set the work of catfish, will be an organization's strategy.
sum up, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be catfish, then your best efforts and organizations to maintain the same direction, do not swim back, otherwise the risk of being eaten, always full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you become a catfish to catch up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may also be catfish fish, and he then Competition Competition to see who churn more energy; your subordinates may also have catfish, it is to motivate subordinates to grow, do not forget to enrich my own, remain strong development, or You also have the risk of being eaten by subordinates; your work may also have catfish, it reasonable to plan their own work, prioritizing work for catfish swim more joy, the best to stir up work on the layer some.
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[herding]
herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding was 1st equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of studying and imitation phenomenon, led them in a certain phase of period trading the same stocks.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
a mallet placed horizontally in front of a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam , the second, third will emulate the jump; this time, stick to the restriction of Flanagan, behind the sheep, came here, still the same as the sheep in front, jump up, even though the stick has gone expressway This is called Refers to the management of some companies on the market behavior is a general phenomenon. It is due to insufficient message and lack of comprehending, be difficult to market uncertainty almost the future of the reasonable expectations, often via observing the action of people approximately the extraction of information, this information continues to Zhuandi in Many of the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herd action.
herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is more typical of a phenomenon, the fashion of financial theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very radiated organization, routinely with left and right is blind to buffet, but once a sheep to migrate, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or approach the front may have better at the grass. Therefore, the
herding as a general in a very competitive manufacture, but also the manufacture leader on a (leader) occupied the major attention, then the entire flock would will continue to imitate the leader's every move, leaders go
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[law]
hedgehog hedgehogs rule: two sleepy hedgehog, as cold and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a series of two hedgehog finally found a suitable distance: both get each other's lukewarm and will not be binding.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and advisers, think tanks and the staff of their relationship. In his ten years of presidential annuals, his Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other personal consultants and think tanks, no one's working life can be more than two years. His newly appointed capital of staff forever say: requirements. This provision for two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal,Diesel Jeans Sale, but nailed is not normal. This is a practice by the force of shock, because the militia is mobile, and not forever fixed in one area the militia. Second,Diesel Skinny Jeans, he did not ambition This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and the survival of the leader, he does not allow side there is forever inseparable from the people. Only to organize in mandate to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to assure the advisers and staff with fresh thinking and decision, and full of vitality, it can prevent the way of time the consultants and senior staff who use the name of the President and the Government dishonesty.
Charles de Gaulle's approximate is thought-provoking and admirable. No sense of distance, making the leadership of the secretary or an over-reliance on a few people, and the resource persons from interference in domestic happenings, and accordingly make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally dragged into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very risky. Comparing the two, or maintain a certain distance is good.
former chancellor of General Electric Company's attention on the work Stone personally hedgehog theory, particularly in medium and senior managers on the deal even more. Treatment in the workplace and on the issue, Stone never mean for managers of care, but in their time off, he never asked managers to visitor home, never to accept their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, neither will you be confused with the identity of employees. This is one of the best administered state. To maintain the distance by certain principles to maintain this principle of equal manipulation for all: both leaders themselves leap, can also constrain employees. Grasp this principle, also mastered the secret of successful management.
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watch law watch law: the law refers to a person watches have a table, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two just not creature capable to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same human or an organization can not use two different means, can not set two different target, and even every individual can not two people to simultaneously directive, or will the business or private loss.
story
monkeys and table a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun mushrooms each day they go out foraging, when the sun go back and rest, life is dim and happy.
a tourist through the forest to watch a tree fall on the rocks,Diesel Womens Jeans, was a monkey Smart Meng can be
do the Monkey King's Hard work pays off,
yet When a subordinate to query the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But presently, the new ape is too facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, or will make a loss; for one can not select between two different values, or his behavior would be in confusion.
a person can not be more than two people to command, or will the people know what to do; for a business, it is not in the meantime using two different methods of management, or will the companies can not develop.
In this esteem America Online and Time Warner combination is a typical failure case. AOL is a young Internet company, corporate culture emphasizes operating flexibility, fast decision-making, quick to collar the markets require that all of the target service. Time Warner in the development process to build long-term accent on the integrity of the Road and innovative corporate mores.
two companies after the merger, senior corporate management did a good solution to two kinds of values ​​conflicts with the staff entirely confuse the company's future development direction. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century marriage finished in failure. It also indicates that, to find out the time, an precise time table would be sufficient.
only choice you think is right
two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time. You have to do is to choose the more authentic one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: are However, the problems many human is that they are
there are people on the environment or others under pressure, against his own choice did not like the road, and thus reduced for life. Even if the subject made great achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
In real life, we often meet a similar situation. Such as two elective courses are you interested in, but instructing time coincidence, and you do not have enough energy to learn the two courses, this time it's hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
vocation, situations, treatment no clear medalist of the two units, you will go from here? Every crossroads in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflict, we suggest using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but by the psychological subconscious, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in truth, we often say the first impression.
kernel concept: more choices, more standards will make people confused.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose the place is put.
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broken windows theory, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to repair, soon separated, other windows will somehow be who break; a wall, if some of the graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a shambles, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to taking out the trash, but once on the ground there are waste later, people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel humiliated. 1

broken windows theory, also understood as the a metaphor (some people consider this theory is 19th century French economist Bastiat as the target of critique and amounted up, reflected in its renowned treatise The Hazlitt said that whether a child broke the skylight, people will inevitably guide to replacement of broken window cup, which would make the installation of glass and glass making were started to enhance social employ.
here, scholars to illuminate the child's behavior and the government's operations could have consequences, which completely negate the Keynesian administration intervention. The release of this misbelief in the torrent, let's, earthquakes, let's at war, it seems very appropriate.
broken windows theory 2
broken window effect, also called a window is broken, if necessary repaired, will lead to more broken windows and even the entire creating was destroyed. Wilson from the American political scientist and criminologist Kerin reconnaissance summary of the
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[twenty-eight statute]
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in anyone group things, the most important and only a small chapter, about 20%, however a heap of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social asset. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not average to analyze, process and look at the issues, business and management to seize the crucial few; to find out who can provide a 80% profit , but only 20% of the absolute key customers to enhance services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the category analysis, are the headmaster energy to solve the chief problem, focus on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
; 20% of people make money with the nape above the cervix -------- 80% of people make money
20% of these were positive thinking --------- ----- 80% of the negative thinking
20% of people are buying time ---------------- 80% of the selling time
20% of people seeing for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20 % of people dominate others -------------- 80% of people who dominated
20% along the people who do affair ------- --------- 80% of people do things
20% of people attach magnitude to experience -------------- 80% emphasis on education
20% of people think that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of the people how do I make money ------ only 80% of how I want money I do
20% of people adore to provide ------- --------- 80% of people adore shopping
20% of the people targeted ---------------- 80% people love Xia Xiang
20% of people find answers in the question -------- 80% of the people to find answers to questions
; 20% of people in long-term perspective ------------ 80% of the instant
20% of people the chance ----- --------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% of people plan for the future -------------- 80% Today a.m. was like why
20% of the people by the successful experience of acting -------- 80% of people according to their own hopes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of the things of tomorrow Today 80% of people do ------ do tomorrow, do today's
20% of people how to do it ------------ 80% people can not do
20% ---------------- 80% of people who take memoranda Forgetfulness good
; 20% of people affected by successful people -------- 80% of the people affected by the failure
20% of people state it is Good -------------- 80% of the bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed --------- ----- 80% of people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will not compliment, encourage -------------- 80% not abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people will give up
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[Wood bucket theory]
bucket theory: the essay of the board if the barrel length of lacking, then the bucket embodying water is not dependent on the longest piece of lumber, but on the shortest piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, have to be the same each board flush with no mar, if not in a bucket of wood missing or a piece of wood under the aperture, this barrel can not be filled with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket, no matter how high, its water storage is extremely dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
also known as bucket conviction or theory of a short board, short board bucket management theory, the so-called the number of barrels fraught with water, does not depend on the highest piece of wood Tongbi, but prefer depends on the shortest piece Tongbi. According to this core content, Second, at the peak of the bucket, there are a ample altitude, a bucket of water can not be full.
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[Matthew]
Matthew: more than him; not even all of his, be taken away. science, education, financial, and technological and additional fields. Its name comes from the Bible,
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[logic]
bird cage hanging bird cage in a beauteous apartment, the most outstanding place, a few days, the employer will make one of the retinue two options: throw the cage out, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is uncomplicated, dream you are the employer of the chamber, at a time people entered the apartment and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage plausible reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of thinking. So seen in the life and work develop plausible thinking is very important.
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[diffusion of responsibility effect]
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points, outside of an room in New York ahead a male named Juno young women than pearly bar by the end of the Interagency Working manslaughter of the path home. When she cried in despair: When everything is tranquilize, the killer returned to offense. When she screamed, the neighboring residents and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has naught to do, work back to their home upstairs, the killer once afresh in front of her, slay her on the stairs. In the process, even whereas she hurrahed for aid,Diesel Straight Jeans, her neighbors, by fewest 38 to the window to see, but no one to rescue her, no one even shrieked the police. This occasioned a stir in New York society, but also fascinated the consideration of social psychologists and cerebral. It is considered a colossal number of bystanders disregarding the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of responsibility effect the formation of the reasons a lot of tentative psychologists and examine results found that: this phenomenon can not equitable mention everyone's heartless, or moral turpitude of the growing representation. Because on different occasions, acts of alms that people really are different. When a person in an crisis situation, if I were you he can cater help, he would apparently conscious of their responsibilities, assistance to the sufferers. If he refused to generate feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires disbursing a high psychological price. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for questing help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few witnesses and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to crash this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.
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[Parkinson's Law]
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, jot a book called book. In his book, agency personnel annotated the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent lawful, may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give capable people; second is to allow a capable person to help their work; third meeting of two levels lower than they were when the co-worker. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their competitors; seems that only a third way most proper. As a result, two ordinary assistant sharing his work, he is high upon orders, they will not pose a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
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[Halo effect]
famous Russian scholastic gigantic Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks prodigious, but with different channel sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a scholastic star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beautiful matron is bound to have great wisdom and magnificent temperament, although, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some older people to young people's individual shortcomings, or clothes, habits and grudge, they think they must have good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological presumption, the peccadillo is: First, it is simple to grab the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically linked to some personality or physical specifics associated with, the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all, that bad on all the negative, which is a absolute domination by the proclivity of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of the halo effect.
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Hawthorne effect [a]
psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and relations of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In counting, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and newspaper number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a direct impact on production efficiency. The second period of the trial by the Mayo led by Harvard University professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency was mainly due to the experimenter in the morale of the large changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the operators were placed in special lab led by Yan Jiu workers, their social status has changed, been a matter of care, to form participating in the trial of the feeling that they are an important part of the company, so operators From a social point of view aspects are motivated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly mushroom the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our everyday lives to learn to obtain according with others, understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
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[educated helplessness experiments]
earliest effects of learned helplessness Xili Krugman Ofer Kashmir and found later in beast and human studies been warmhearted argued. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to dodge the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a become to escape electric shock, they become was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, depressed motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they acknowledge that no matter what their own can not control the termination impact. In each experiment, the impact is terminated beneath the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the outer control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a tiny and watch the real events back the determinants do not make our own despair.
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[the witness's memory]
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective testify, that is his own witness, the pro- ears to hear what the people talk out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a private preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness proof of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the precision of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fares can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness someone special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to respond some of the content of the video in question, and asked them to differentiate their own class of confidence to respond, then do a recognition memories test. Next, using the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and common wisdom of selected issues.
and the same happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers than those who do not really people who do not have confidence greater, but for general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can measure themselves. For example, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the incident in hair color better or worse.
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[effect]
Rosenthal Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of kid making a fuss of the In fact, this menu is not insistent according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, comprehension tests and found again on the menu of the general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave them good moral conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, it is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the potentate of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his ultimate desire to make this sculpture into a real person, the two a standing ovation).
educational practice also shows that: if a preceptor like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers attention, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and their behavior towards the students more self-esteem, trust, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often anticipate teachers to win progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, discriminated opposition students from the teacher's discourse over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse daytime by daytime, and finally become the wrong elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the bell for teachers.
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[error]
false compassion usually we believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to play calculator games, then it is feasible to overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to referendum for their favorite mathematics, overestimate their own group's honor and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of features is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false prejudice strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than internal attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that when;
(4) When your status or some variety of regular life and knowledge are threatened;
(5) When it comes to a assured the quality or individuality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.