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Reprinted from alumni of the user at 14:03 on October 22, 2010 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: medical-related
PubMed school of magic into the first chapter - PubMed Overview
old professor has retired more than once lamented to me: to search. especially the do not do the topic to others, to collect several useful documents, actually take 3-4 months time, and you are now .... ... him, From the end of his two bottles behind the thick trace of envy in the eyes exposed.
Despite the Internet, similar to the PubMed medical literature search system and many, but the amount of information, ease of use, in terms of update rate and other factors, PubMed are second to none. There is a very important point, as its name (PubMed = Public + Medicine) implies, PubMed is free and open to the public. Whenever and wherever, as long as you enter in the browser address bar: can immediate access to the interface and start enjoying PubMed PubMed brought to you by the endless convenience.
As the saying goes, water wells were not forgotten. PubMed is the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) belongs to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) developed the Internet biomedical information retrieval system, in the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the platform. Many Westerners have the habit of thanksgiving in prayer before meals, do not know whether it is necessary before each use PubMed are grateful to NCBI it?
PubMed
into the main interface, the first thing that catches our eye is the top of the page the search box and the function keys (below).
This is the core of PubMed. Most of the work, we can just use this The left side of the main interface box (left), there are:
? Journal Browser Browse journals
? MeSh Browser can use it to browse the MeSH hierarchical table
? Single Citation Matcher enter journal information can be found in the literature of a single article or the entire journal content.
? Batch Citution Matcher input in a specific journal information in the form of a search and more articles.
? Clinical Queries of this part of the set for the clinician, the way the search by filtering the literature range fixed in 4: treatment, diagnosis, etiology and prognosis.
? Old PubMed (PubMed query using the old-fashioned way)
3) Related Resources
? Order Documents allows users to full text documents at the local, but it should be charged, as to how free full text, I will detail later in the relevant sections.
? Grateful Med is another NLM Web-based query system links. Grateful Med also provides MEDLINE access, and there are a number of other databases such as AIDSLINE, HISTLINE and so on.
? Consumer Health and MEDLINEplus provides links to, MEDLINEplus consumer health information with the relevant national medical library network nodes.
? Clinical Alerts purpose is to speed up this part of the NIH-funded clinical research results published. the left side of the box using these services, we can not only be more powerful search, but also get a lot of very useful services. These are described in later chapters.
Overall, PubMed's interface is simple and clear, almost fool-style.
However, the interface does not mean fool fool operation. I see a lot of people spent several years PubMed, or only know in the search box to enter a keyword, then click Although about half of the case, this operation is enough to get satisfactory information, but for the other half the situation was not so lucky, or you really need the information lost in the numerous and caught a lot of , or you get a lot of useful information just tip of the iceberg.
in later chapters, we will gradually in-depth understanding of PubMed, I believe that through these sections of the study,
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Chapter
PUBMED simple search techniques
one. In this chapter,
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1. When you open the browser, type in the address bar, or
2. Place near the top of the page, the first thing our eyes, that is for us to enter the search query box.
query words in the search box, then click Front in the search box, you can select the scope of the database to retrieve the content, in addition to other NCBI databases, there are options: PROTEIN, STRUCTURE, POPSET and so on.
Here, many people may think that just a fool's input and then enter a few characters can knock everything is all right, it is not. The level of each of the search efficiency is often there is a big difference. Here the reader to provide the following recommendations are for reference:
? explicitly ask you to retrieve the key concepts and words, that keyword;
? keyword phrases like, taking into account that there might be a synonym;
? by limiting DATES, STUDY GROUP, etc., refine your search scope;
? more experienced people to ask for advice, because different professional backgrounds and personal differences,
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3. By Boolean (BOOLEAN) operations to improve the efficiency of your
three most common Boolean operators that is, AND, OR, and NOT.
? AND provide the computing means that regardless of the two key words entered by the occurrence in which, as long as they appear in the index at a particular article, it will be listed.
? The main area of at least one of the words OR articles listed, this operation will be similar in theme to the articles listed together, very effective.
? NOT operator can be within the scope of your search will be some of the unwanted parts removed. However, to use the time to pay special attention to, there will be some of you may be missing the required article. For example , when your key words LEAD POISONING NOT CHILDREN, in addition to those that will delete the article on children only, but also deleting those that children and other age groups to discuss the article.
4. PUBMED search type
usually the word we want to query types can be divided into:
? words (themes) in the PubMed search page when we search box, type the word or phrase in English (upper or lower case may be). And press Enter or click the Example: Type
? title search in the Search box, type the full title or MEDLINE abbreviation form, ISSN number, for example: molecular biology of the cell, or mol biol cell, or 1059 - 1524, then press Enter or click Go, the system will be in the title field search, and display the search results.
? date or date range search in the search box, type the date or date range, then press Enter or click Go, the system will search by date segment, and the records meet the conditions be displayed. Date of entry format YYYY / MM / DD; such as: 1999/09/08
may not record the month and day, such as: 2000 or 1999/12.
? Search journal subset (series) to retrieve the format: key words AND jsubseta, such as: neoplasm AND jsubseta. Searchable library of journals have 3 children: Abridged Index Medicus (120 kinds of important core journals), Dental and Nursing . Respectively jsubseta, jsubsetd, jsubsetn be qualified.
? retrieve records with abstracts to retrieve the format: key words AND has abstract, such as: liver cancer AND has abstract. Note that articles published before 1975, the MEDLINE records do not digest.
? Boolean Search PubMed retrieval system allows the use of Boolean logic, as long as the key in the search box, and a Boolean logical operators (AND, OR or NOT). Specific issues to be aware when used, see the first 3 points above.
5. How to deal with search results
the DISPLAY key can also choose another display format, click on the DISPLAY button, the system according to the selected format, all the search results.
another point, the system default is set 20 per page options,
sunglasses hut, this can be after the drop-down menu at the SHOW option.
If you check the contents of interest, you can save, print etc. operations. PubMed save system allows up to 5,000 records. To save all the search results, open the drop-down menu to select one of the Summary format, and then click the Save button; want to save a specific record, click on the record be marked on the left of the selection box, then click the Save button.
use the browser's print function, you can print out the contents of interest. System allows a maximum of 500 records per page. If you want to print into a text format, please click the Text button, and then print.
the next chapter we will use several examples to make more than the familiar search techniques.
Chapter
PUBMED simple search example
in the previous chapter, we have to query on how to use PUBMED we are interested in the literature. In this chapter, we can come through a few simple examples of the usage of specific PUBMED familiar.
patients with a
1. Explicit content to be retrieved. If we want to query the question is First, we should analyze the key words in this issue, mainly by That
2. Analysis to retrieve the relationship between two related words. According to our experience of daily life, two words can be defined as the relationship between the The following picture is the retrieval process through the above obtained after the relevant article.
3. After the above initial search results are displayed to the default display format SUMMER, after the reading of the SUMMER, we can further filter the contents of the literature. If we are interested in second, third and five, then check the box that left several documents. If we want to also see several of the ABSTRACT, the DISPLAY button drop-down menu to select the ABSTRACT, then click DISPLAY. To see the desired results.
Example Two
3. 39 listed in the literature, we have a screen if you want to be seen in all the options, you can SHOW drop-down menu to choose the back of the number you want to display, such as 50.
4. PUBMED are retrieved in the literature, the first one we are interested in, click on the article on the left of the box, then pull down the Display button after the check box, select the display type of literature, ( such as the Abstract-Summary, Brief-outline, Citation-introduction, etc.), under normal circumstances, to select the Abstract majority, so a glance. In determining a good display, click Display button, you can read the content.
5. In determining the content of the retrieved interest, if want to save it, you can click the Save button, if you want to save the clipboard, you can click the Clipboard, stored in the clipboard. Click
above is to use a simple search Pubmed two instances. If,
chanel sunglasses 2011, after the retrieval process, it can not meet your needs, we can be more complex Advanced Search. In later chapters, we will detail.
Chapter
PUBMED Advanced Search Tips
two chapters in the above we have mastered how to use search methods to retrieve the primary purpose of the literature. But the problem we want to retrieve the relatively more complicated, relying only on the initial search to fall far short of needs. In order to make our search more accurate, efficient, and we can take advantage of PubMed provides advanced search function.
PubMed home page after you enter in the search box below, there are five important PubMed provides the function of the button, that button Limits, Preview / Index button, History button, Clipboard button, and the Details button. If you can make good use of these full function button, then your search is likely to do more with less.
First, let us simply look at the main function of these buttons.
1. Limits button
When you click the Limits button, you can see the following screen. (Fig1)
where you can make the following settings:
? set the search to a specific domain.
? set the search to a specific age group, gender group, the scope of human or zoology.
? can also restrict your search published in a language or a specific article types (such as the review).
? set only contains the summary of the literature search.
? set search Entrez database or Publication database.
? set the range of PubMed database search of a sub-database (such as the Abridged Index Medicus or AIDS-related entries.)
For example, in All Fields
domain selection drop-down menu, you can limit the search word in a particular domain, the default setting is all of the domain; open the drop-down menu to choose the need a domain name. Another example is the
2. Preview / Index buttons
press the Preview / Index button, we can set are:
? entry in the display before the display of the number found in the literature.
? at any time by increasing the query words to modify the query program.
? in a particular search field programs have added to the query words.
? view and select from the Index words to modify the query program.
? modify the query when you view the program.
Preview (preview) Use this feature to display items in the display can be found in the literature before the number. When used in the input box, type the search term and click Preview, PubMed returned information is the number of entries.
Index (Index) to use this feature, you can choose from a specific domain, an index of words and add them to the query programs; to view a specific list of search words in the domain; You can also use Boolean operators to create a query program.
3. History button
History (history) history is stored in the program all your queries and query results, only when you run a query after, History in the only content. History screen will display: Your query plan, query time, the number of queries to the literature. Preview shows the recent history of the three records, the use of History to see the results of a recent query 100. Once the query more than 100, PubMed will remove the first query, add the latest in a query. If the same query twice, PubMed will be the removal of the first time.
4. Clipboard button
clipboard can help you save or view the choice of one or more query entries, and then you can print, save, order the contents of the clipboard. Select the entry box to the left, click the When you click on Clear History History can be cleared of all contents.
clipboard maximum storage number is 500. And on the contents of the clipboard in one hour if no action will automatically disappear.
5. Details button
Details is used to help you see PubMed's search strategy. That in the question box, type the search terms are automatically converted PubMed those words, and use the rules of the kind of search and retrieval of syntax. In addition, you can use the Details button to edit on the search strategy, and then search again. In the PubMed Query box shows the actual use of PubMed search strategy and syntax. There are four areas under the box: Result district records show the total number of search results , click on this number, to return to search results screen; Translation area shows details of the key words of conversion; Database area shows a searchable database; User Query area shows users type search words or search type.
to be edited on the search strategy can be directly PubMed Query box and click search strategy,
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addition to the above five main function keys other than the use of PubMed to provide some of the other features, such as MeSH, etc., can also improve the level of a large part of the efficiency of our search. Several chapters in the future, we will be a detailed analysis of the system of ink to use these functions.
Chapter
PUBMED Advanced Search skills for
how to use PubMed in our search for more complex initial understanding, we look at some applied examples.
Let
cases to find a bit about
step one, let the initial topic of this search. We identified the keywords that it should be Total 492 related literature. Obviously, if we open one by one by one to read these documents, will be a very complicated task. Then we need to use the advanced search method to reduce the workload.
Step Two, if we want to retrieve the documentation requirements to reflect the dynamic progress of relatively new, then we can click on the function keys Limits button. in which the input box type Publication Date FROM 2000 01 01
step three, we further asked if the article is published in English, and can show PubMed Abstract, we can follow the method above analogy, in the Languages drop-down menu, select English, select the box. Then click GO button to start search. There are 61 articles in the current page shows the latest 20 articles. (Fig1)
In fact, if we start to be very clear limits to retrieve the Limits, the above three steps can actually be synthesized in one step. This is only for the convenience of illustration, we will be kept separate description.
Example Two or look on the
if when we were a lot of search (including the above-mentioned case of a search), we found there the previous search step the search you want to look at the history, first of all we can Click Preview / Index button . Then the screen will show the content we've crawled. (Fig2) using History you can see the results of a recent query 100, and Preview shows the recent history of the three records.
Second, the input that we want to see the previously retrieved search words such as Infant Growth
If we want to further modify the query plan, you can add another box in search words such as This is the way we can continue to add another word, click on Preview the contents until you want. Using this feature can help you see the previous search solution and the number of query results.
two simple examples above illustrate how to use the power provided by the PubMed button to increase the efficiency of our search. In fact, in practice there are many skills to be us to explore, I hope the author's introduction to the role of better ideas to help you in the sea PubMed swim freely.
Chapter VI On MeSH Browser (Medical Subject Headings browser)
What is MeSH?
MeSH is the acronym for Medical Subject Headings, the Medical Subject Headings, is the standardization of medical terminology used to describe the bio-medical concepts. NIH staff provided by MeSH vocabulary, browse the full text of biomedical journal literature after the standard leads in each MeSH keyword, which discusses the main documentation center, said MeSH Subject Headings (major topic headings), discusses one aspect of the theme content words as vice keywords.
So why do you want to use medical subject headings?
us first look at an analogy, if someone asks you a cold? You will not answer, Of course not, because you know that cold is cold fever. But a retrieval system, if you do not tell it, then it is possible to not know that. In journals, often for the same concept may have a different description forms, such as Tumor and Tumor Neoplasm all means. When a query who wish to access the tumor and the diet (diet) related to literature, he may enter the Tumor, Neoplasm may also enter the keyword, but in fact there is no difference between the two. Retrieval system may be a stupid to not realize this, but such as PubMed,
how to use
If you want to use the medical subject headings to retrieve, from the PubMed home page, click on PubMed Services under the MeSH Browser to enter the following interface.
example, if you want to search Neoplasms and bone of the relevant literature, the first search box in the MeSH Browser Enter search terms Neoplasms, then click the Browse button, the system shows its definition and in the location of the tree hierarchy , as shown below.
If necessary, you can choose Detailed display, as shown below:
Here, the retrieval system will display the details, choose a specific sub-keywords, but also for the main keyword or a single keyword search, the options are as follows:
(1) Add the search to the following subheadings: Click the box before the vice keywords that select the vice keywords, select multiple consecutive words may be among them logical relationship to OR.
(2) Restrict Search to Major Topic headings only: If the detection results limited to the main keyword (Major Topic Heading) can improve the precision.
(3) Do Not Explode this term: the system to retrieve a certain keyword, it will automatically expand your search (Explode), the keyword will be the next bit word detection. If you only need to retrieve a single keyword, click on this button.
completion of the above options, click on
Then we enter the MeSH browser, bone, press the search button, the system will tell you that bone is not a keyword, it will automatically be converted into a keyword Bone and Bones Similarly, the bottom will display its definition and its location in the tree hierarchy. Detailed display like you can choose for a more refined choice, selection is complete, click At this point, you just click the PubMed Search button to start the search, check out the use of these two keywords for the keywords and the logical choice between the corresponding literature search results.
short, keyword search method, while somewhat cumbersome, but the search results with high accuracy, omission rate, is the best retrieval method, once the master, will make our retrieval easier.
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