[butterfly achieve]
frog phenomenon] [decree]
[crocodile] [catfish effect
[herding] [law]
hedgehog [Law]
see the broken windows theory] [[twenty-eight law
]
bucket theory] [[Matthew]
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01 - The Butterfly Effect: The Butterfly Effect
butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of climate, said the Amazon rain woods a butterfly wings Occasionally, vibration, and maybe two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small alterations in initial conditions persist to amplify afterward its future status will cause a very huge difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important, can not be confused.
Management Implications
today's business, its fate also by the Consumers increasingly believe that sensibility, so the mark consumer, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these elusive factors will be their choice. So long as a little attention, we can accessible see that some management practices, work well in their company philosophy will appear in this sentence:
100 consumers, only one satisfied, so you can be pride that only 1% of the failure, but for the customer, he got in return was 100% satisfied. p>
today, grant companies to change the fate of the bus rivalry, and other news of the emergence of corporate monopoly to sit and worry-free growing potential of micro and open emulation so that enterprises have to consider all the potential factors that affect development.
streamline the organization, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other fathom to empower more and more people away from the orthodox security, followed by on their own to resolve the destiny. The organizational and private liberty combined result is: who can arrest the profitable life of the
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02 - Frog phenomenon
frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water instantly into the pot, because of its meager The response is very acute environment, will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of chilly water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually additional the ultimate result is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has also late, or that there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to vigilant, and prone to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no clear revelation.
Inspiration:
One revelation: the survival of our organization and a major threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow, gradual and imperceptible process of formation. Short-sighted people, only to see regional, and can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face the important changes occurring silently, but can not find, and afterward will bring us even more serious impair! ~
second revelation is: frog, as if the blues in our lives, we must see to the future, hard thinking to new problems, eager to learn new learning, not the Today there are brandy, drunk today
Implications of the three is: Today's society is a knowledge explosion, rapid, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, slothful so go on, will certainly be eliminated at the peak ofs, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!
Insight 4: we do not simply, merely the face of sudden peril, the disregard of the variety of slow and little little danger, because the kind of slow and puny mini risk, is the most horrible!
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03 - crocodile alligator
law rule: the intention is assumed that a crocodile bite your feet if you use hands to try to wreck your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
sample, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the direction of the market, must stop immediately, without any tarry, shall not have any luck.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 04-- catfish effect: Catfish Effect
antecedent, sardines, low survival rate during transmission. After it was base that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be small fish found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not die.
When an organization working to fulfill a more settled state, constantly method lower employee motivation, Harmony, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two appearances, one corporation to continuously increase fresh blood, those vibrant, quick-witted young coerce into the workforce and even management, to those who recess on its laurels, conservative and bureaucratic laziness employees to send competitive pressures to raise The second is to constantly introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management notions, so as to enable enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, promote survivability and malleability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive mechanism, capable of enabling leadership style change, and so on. But I believe that catfish effect analysis and application of much more. Thinking of different perspectives, identify problems, solve the problem is different.
First, if the catfish body on behalf of the leader.
leaders inspire others to complete tasks that the individual or collective, in the dead sardine carton, a symbol of a team of sardines on a highly homogeneous group, their skill class is alike to the lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the whole body is a swollen state, the leader of the arrival of catfish (or inner sardines evolved into catfish), current broom sweeps clean, penalty, standardize system, the transformation process, the logical delivery of jobs and people, financial, substance, and gradually the business organization has been promotion, fade away costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be dined, and driven away, has the capacity of Sardines have been a affirmative provocation, so that the whole body showed a thriving scene, a leader in the catfish below the leading of the organization's vitality has been mobilized, so that the collective power of more mighty, dominate the market, maintain market only a solid basis.
From this viewpoint, catfish leader ought have the emulating characteristics:
1 - act decisively, resolutely: quickly find the organization where the stagnant condition and be competent to slit the Gordian tangle, fast and mainly solve the problem.
2 - their words, a strong style of work: scientific decision-making, and to oversee the implementation of the decision-making, timely appraisal of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and configuration, compensation design and appraisal, etc. reflect the innovative fancies, reflect Innovative interest.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, to forecast the direction of organizational development and existing and future human resource gap, which can effectively nail future artist, cut out of drag is not suitable for development of the organization staff.
5 - the system perspective, the spunk to change: the ability to inspect from among and outside the organizational changes in the structure and feature of the system, not only regard ourselves as part of an organization (as disapproved to a fisher, catfish leaders themselves also sardines, fisherman is the leader), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, they can bring the staff open up the situation, to break the routine, with good results.
for the leader under the leadership of the struggle for a common goal of employee groups, if the leader has catfish features, then the way to survive is in motion, to activate their energy, at least to simultaneous speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business objectives), so as not to be eaten catfish catch up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a team.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behavior, different habits, because different, will inspire wisdom, a crew needs different personalities, different skills, work experience of different people to combine, if we are all all-employees, then the team produce imaginative, to generate high rendition is slender. Focus on team structure, communication and team exertion today, due to fascinate catfish to combine the team, will bring the whole team working air and brisk, bringing innovation to bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, full of catfish, the whole team will be there, the whole team foul, so some Japanese companies believe in the truth. From this perspective, the team should converge on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the shape, the team of other staff deal with catfish, it should work on the basis of their cooperation.
again, whether the catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
immediately in many companies, organizational framework and work process re-engineering of the design is still to become a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, humdrum boring job content so that people feel thronged like a bucket of sardines as there is no passion, not compliant to post more, think more improvements, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment of the catfish effect applied to the work design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is obvious. How anxious, zealous catfish into the backwater of the work as well? This is a difficult science, it was argued from the horizontal and perpendicular expansion of the coverage of work, work to deepen the content, so that employees who experience a cloud of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging, inciting work when excitement and desire; argued the way the use of growth rotation of staff competence, so that they work more catfish swim joy; I maintain that the application of these measures, while also focusing on matching people with jobs personality, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines sardines on to do things, have situations in both the work content of catfish should work with the content of sardines, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work that allows them to generate power and passion catfish, and only after the match, catfish effect can really play its role, or set up a catfish though the content of work, but can not find this kind of work the staff was very moving, fighting, then this catfish has become a dead fish.
From this perspective, the work of the catfish's work on behalf of wealthy content, it is exciting Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, job experience, and so fresh the other. For leaders and human resource managers, if at work setting catfish work, at what level to set the work of catfish, will be an organization's tactics.
sum up, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization Do not swim back, otherwise the risk of being eaten, always full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you become a catfish to grab up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may also be catfish , then, and he Competition Competition to see who churn more energy; your subordinates may also have catfish, it is to stimulate subordinates to grow at the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, or you there is the risk of under eating; your work may also have catfish, it reasonable to lay their own work, prioritizing work for catfish swim more joy, the best to stir up work on a floor of Fan.
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05 - Herding: The Effect of Sheep Flock
herding: sheep where to go, followed by sheep to follow where to go.
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and ######## phenomenon, the same stock.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a mallet in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam, only the second, third will follow the bound; time , Flanagan stick to withdraw behind the sheep, came here, still the same as the sheep in front, jump up, even though the stick has gone highway, which is called . Refers to the management of some companies on the market behavior is a common phenomenon. It is due to not enough message and lack of comprehending, be tough to market uncertainty about the future of the reasonable expectations, often by observing the behavior of people approximately the extraction of information, the perennial transmission of this information, Many of the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herd behavior.
herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is more typical of a phenomenon, the mainstream of financial theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very scattered organization, usually with left and right is blind to buffet, but once a sheep to push, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, entirely ignoring the wolf or approach the front may have better by the grass. Therefore, the
herding as a general in a very competitive manufacture, but also the industry leader on a (leader) occupied the major attention, then the whole flock will continue to emulate the leader's every move, the leader go
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06 -
hedgehog hedgehog law rule: two slumberous hedgehog, as cold and owned attach. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a sequence of two hedgehog finally found a suitable distance: both get each other's lukewarm and will not be binding.
the use of hedgehog rules
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and advisers, think tanks and the staff of their relationship. In his ten years of presidential years, his Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other personal advisers and think tanks, no one's working life can be more than two years. His newly nominated king of staff always say: requirements. This provision for two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal, but nailed is not normal. This is a practice by the force of impact, because the army is mobile, and not always fixed in one place the army. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and the survival of the leader, he does not allow side there is always inseparable from the people. Only to mobilize in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure the consultants and staff with fresh thinking and determination, and full of vitality, it can prevent the course of time the consultants and senior staff who use the name of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admirable. No sense of distance, making the leadership of the secretary or an over-reliance on a few people, and the resource persons from interference in domestic affairs, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally plucked into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or maintain a certain distance is good.
GE
former chancellor of General Electric Company's attention on the work Stone individually hedgehog theory, especially in the handling of medium and senior directors is extra is so. Treatment in the workplace and on the publish, Stone never mean for managers of care, but in their reproductive cycle, he never asked managers to visitor family, never to approve their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an fitting treatment of the business to make mutual Zhimakaihua steadily tall. And workers to nourish a decisive distance, not make you high above, neither will you be muddled with the personality of workers. This is 1 of the best managed state. To maintain the distance along certain principles to maintain this rule of equal management for all: either governors themselves jump, can likewise constrain employees. Grasp this rule, too mastered the secluded of successful treatment.
Means that regardless of any way to assassinate the fox to hedgehog, hedgehog just shrink up, the fox will do nothing. It showed a business just to find a simple and effective prototype of development, regardless of any change in the market and antagonists, can easily cope, way to rapid growth.
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07 - watch Law: Watch Law
watch Law: Law is a watch with a table, you can know It is a few minutes, and when he has two not creature able to resolve. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously bid, or will the business or private wastage.
[fable]
fable of monkeys and table
a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun mushrooms every day they go out foraging, the sun when the back rest, life is blunt and happy.
a guest through the forest to watch a tree fall on the rocks, was a monkey Smart Meng can be
do the Monkey King's Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But soon, the new monkey is also facing
This is the prominent More people watch and can not acquaint time more accurately, but will watch the people lose reassurance in exactly time.
inspired by [the law]
watch law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, they will make a loss; for one can not choose between two different values, or his behavior would be in muddle.
a person can not be more than two people to command, or will the people know what to do; for a business, it is not at the same time using two different methods of management, or will the business not develop.
in this regard with AOL Time Warner merger is a typical failure circumstance. AOL is a young Internet company, corporate culture emphasizes operating flexibility, fast decision-making, rapid to collar the markets necessitate that all of the target service. Time Warner in the development process to build long-term emphasis on the integrity of the Road and innovative corporate civilization.
two companies after the merger, senior corporate management did a good solution to two kinds of merits conflicts with the staff completely confuse the company's future development direction. Finally,
GHD IV Black Straighteners, Time Warner and AOL century marriage finished in failure. It also indicates that, to find out the time, an accurate time table would be sufficient.
only choice you think is right
two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose the accurate time confidence. You must do is to choose the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: However, the problems many people is that they are
also in the surroundings or others under pressure, against his own choice did not favor the road, and accordingly depressed for life. Even if the subject made large achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
life inspiration
in real life, we often meet a similar situation. Such as two elective courses are you interested in, but instructing time coincidence, and you do not have ample energy to learn the two courses, this time it's hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
career, positions, treatment not clear victor of the two units, you will work from here? Every crossing in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflict, we recommend using The so-called
psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a remove reason, but by the psychological subconscious, under customary circumstances can make the best determination to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in truth, we often say the first impression.
core philosophy: more choices, more criteria will make people confused.
Application tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to prefer the place is put.
applying areas: social life, business.
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08 - broken windows theory: Break Pane Law
broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one patches, separated presently after the other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is some graffiti is not cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place People taking out the trash apologetic, but if there is garbage on the ground there, the people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
broken windows theory 1
also understood as the as the target of reproof and amounted up, reflected in its well-known treatise The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window glass, which would make the installation of glass and glass making were started to subserve social employ.
here, savants to illuminate the child's behavior and the government's actions could have consequences, which completely negative the Keynesian administration intervention. The loosen of this fallacy in the overflow, let's, earthquakes, let's at combat, it seems very appropriate.
broken windows theory 2
also called the broken window effect (Break Pane Law)
a window was broken, if it were not for repaired, will lead to More windows were broken, and even the whole creating was demolished.
by the American political scientist and criminologist Wilson Carin observation synopsis of the
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09 - twenty-eight law: Pareto principle
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th centenary Italy economist Pareto that in any group of asset, the most important and only a small portion, about 20%, though a great many the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is condensed in the hands of 20%, when 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to examine, process and look at the issues, business and management to seize the crucial few; to find out who can invest 80% of the profits, but only 20% of the total key customers to enhance services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, are the headmaster energy to solve the cardinal problem, focus on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people with more money ------- neck -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking negative thinking
20% of people who buy period ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% of people dominate others -------------- 80% of people who dominated
20% by the people who do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people together importance to experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how do I make money ------ only 80% of how I want money I do
20 % of people love to investment ---------------- 80% of people love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people find answers in the question -------- 80% of people find the reply in answer
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the immediate
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% people plan for the future -------------- 80% of the morning fair like today, why
20% of the people by the successful experience of performing -------- 80% people according to their own hopes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people do today, morrow things ------ 80% of people do today what tomorrow
20% of people how to do it ------------ 80% of people can not do
20 % ---------------- 80% of people who take notes Forgetfulness nice
20% of people affected by the success of 80% of people affected -------- of people affected by human impact of the failure
20% of people in good -------------- 80% of the bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed - ------------- 80% of people do not ambition to change the environment
20% of people will never compliment, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people will give up
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10 - bucket theory: Buckets effect
pail theory: the essay of the embark if the barrel width of lacking, then the pail containing water is not dependent on the longest piece of lumber, but on the shortest piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, must be the same each board flush with no break, if I were you in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing panel below the aperture, this can not be filled with water buckets. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket, no matter how high, its water cache is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
also known as bucket principle or theory of a short board, short board bucket management theory, the so-called how many, does not depend on the maximum piece of wood Tongbi, but prefer depends on the shortest piece Tongbi. According to this essence content, Second, as long as the bucket, there are a sufficient elevation, a bucket of water can not be full.
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11 - Matthew: Matthew Effect
Matthew: entire, be taken away.
Matthew, refers to the strong stronger and the languid weaker phenomenon, widely secondhand in social psychology,
GHD Blue Straighteners, teaching, monetary, and technological and other fields. Its name comes from the Bible,
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1, Cage logical
a pretty bird imprison hanging in the apartment where the most emphatic place, a few days, the landlord will make one of the following two options: throw away the imprison, or buy back on a bird cage. This is the logic cage. The process is uncomplicated, imagine you are the landlord of the chamber, by the time people entered the room and looked the cage, it will not help but ask you: keep off birds. Cage logical cause is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of considering. So seen in the life and work develop logical cerebral is very important.
2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon shrieked the will somehow be broken; a wall, if necessary cleansed some graffiti, and presently, the wall covered with a mess, unsightly things. A quite neat area, human will be perplexed taking out the litter, but once above the ground with waste appears, human will no hesitate, did no feel ashamed. This namely really a very curious phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
anything bad, if necessary stop off at the starting, the formation of culture, change can get rid, if the rill bank, a small gap is not timely repair, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
offense is actually the outcome of disarray, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, each day do not kill, wading in the street in roomy sunshine to be terrified of. Mention the subway, automobile nasty, polluted words plastered everywhere, sitting on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the instructors have been in broad daylight, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research profession, so I speak approximately Tiger color for many annuals, not alone to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of fame, I am very wondered that a city has been sinking, can run from the dead, to amend.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, now to him for advice, the elemental New York City is the final book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, premier to improve the murderer environment in which it is not cozy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to mandate. Although this approximate was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public manifestation of the government's decision to rectify, and found very efficacious.
police found that people really do not liken the situation in a clean crime, also found that grasping Riders awarding, because each of those 7 had a fee evasion was wanted, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are willing to grasp evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not dare go out with weapons to avoid more harm than good, runs the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to start, breaking the crime ring junction (fetter), so this vicious cycle can not continue
3, diffusion of duty effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points, outdoor of an dormitory in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar back to work assassination of the way home. When she cried in despair: When anything is tranquility, the killer returned to crime. When she exclaimed, the beside dwellers and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she hurrahed for help, her neighbors, at fewest 38 to the window to watch, but no one to emancipate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a massive number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of responsibility effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and survey results found that: this phenomenon can not just say everyone's stony, or moral decay of the performance increased. Because on different causes, acts of favour that people really are different. When a person in an crisis situation, if necessary he can provide help, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, assistance to the martyrs. If he refused to produce feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.
4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, write a book called In his book, agent workers annotated the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official,
GHD Purple Straighteners, may be 3 ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give able people; second is to allow a able person to help their work; third assignation of two levels lower than they were when the co-worker. This first direction is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second direction can not go, because that would be learned of their competitors; seems that only a third path most appropriate. As a result, two ordinary gopher sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not posture a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. So on, to manner a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
5, the halo effect
famous Russian literary monster Pushkin Zengyin character halo effect underwent a great handle. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks amazing, but with different channel sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel necrosis, so a literary star fall headlong. In Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great sagacity and magnificent role, although, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the specifics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In everyday life, For instance, some older people to young people's individual shortcomings, or dress, habits and repulsion, they think they must have good for nothing; some young people a thing about the affection of friends,
GHD IV Pink Straighteners, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the mistake is: First, it is easy to grip the individual specifics and habits of individual move and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some personality or physical characteristics associated with, the declaration that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all, that bad on all the negative, which is a absolute domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological shock on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to attempt to avoid and surmount the side effects of the halo effect.
6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and narrations of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In counting, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and newspaper number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a direct impact on production efficiency. The second period of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the morale has undergone colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the laborers were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of concern, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so workers From a social point of view aspects are motivated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly addition the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to obtain forward with others, understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually addition their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
7, educated helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found afterward in animal and human studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can cross the barriers or agree in other behavior to dodge the impact the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not anticipated (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric impact (such as interruption of cordless impact or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a opportunity to escape electric shock, they become was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, dwindled motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no material what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is aborted under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the outer control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has convert a deep despair and woe. Therefore, we should learn and life in their eyes open a little and see the real memorabilia behind the determinants do not make our own despair.
8, the witness's memories
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective evidence, that is his own witness and listen to talk out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness someone special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day,
GHD MK4 Gold Straighteners, to answer some of the content of the movie in question, and asked them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same happened before, Perot fares can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the spectator on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can measure themselves. For example, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, than others, they are unthreaten to know the participants in the memory of the episode in hair color better or worse.
9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a basic referendum in the three sixth grade classes of children production a fuss of the In fact, this account is not insistent according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, intelligence tests and found again on the menu of the general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave them good moral behaviour reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, it is considered by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the sovereign of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his ultimate lust to make this sculpture into a real person, the two care for).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards their actions, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored,
GHD IV Styling Set, discriminated against students from the teacher's talk over time, behavior, facial expressions feel the teacher's requirements; these students often aggravate day by day, and eventually become the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the bell for teachers.
10, false share discrepancy (false unity bias)
we usually deem that our love is the same with most people. If you like to activity calculator games, then it is feasible to overestimate the digit of people like microprocessor games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll for their preference mathematics, overestimate their own group's honor and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and viewpoints have the same preference digit of functions is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this disloyal prejudice strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than internal attribution;
(2) present action or accidents when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that when;
(4) When your status know next to nothing ofme kind of normal life and learning are intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a positive the quality or personality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
Management have to comprehend some of the knowledg
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