biological

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Sewage Treatment Plant In Gujarat
There are many methods and processes to treat Sawage Treatment Plant. The most common approach uses primary treatment (screening and clarification) to remove solids; aerobic, suspended growth,
activated sludge secondary treatment to reduce organic pollutants; and chlorine disinfection to reduce pathogens.
Ion exchange processes are used for the desalina- tion of water with a low salt content. Plants con- sist of a series of columns for anionic and cationic exchange. When water passes through the col-
umns, the ions in the salt contained in the water are exchanged with the hydroxyls and with the hydrogen ions. When the exchange resins have been used they are regenerated using alkaline and
acid solutions.
This energy baseline study focus on Aerobic Activated Sludge (AAS), which is by far the most frequently used WasteWater Treatment process consisting of primary treatment, secondary
treatment, optional tertiary treatment, disinfection, and sludge processing.
Primary Treatment

Primary treatment involves screening, grinding and sedimentation/clarification, to remove the floating and settleable solids found in raw wastewater. When raw wastewater enters the
treatment plant it is typically coarse screened to remove large objects, ground to reduce the size of the remaining solids, and then flows to primary sedimentation tanks.
Secondary Treatment
Conventional secondary treatment is accomplished by a biological process called aerobic, suspended growth, activated sludge treatment. Activated sludge secondary treatment typically
accounts for 30 to 60% of total plant energy consumption. Effluent from primary treatment is treated in large reactors or basins. In these reactors, an aerobic bacterial culture (the activated
sludge) is maintained, suspended in the liquid contents. Hydraulic detention time in the secondary reactors ranges from 6 to 8 hours. The secondary process removes organic material
that is either colloidal in size or dissolved.
Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary treatment (also known as "advanced wastewater treatment) is becoming more common as discharge permits increasingly call for the removal of specific contaminants not normally
removed during conventional secondary treatment. Removal of nutrients (particularly nitrogen) prior to discharge requires additional treatment. Nutrients encourage algal growth in the
receiving waters, reducing dissolved oxygen and causing fish kills and odor.
Sewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, bio-filters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant.
Sewage treatment plant, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. The task of designing and constructing facilities for treating wastewaters falls to environmental engineers. They employ a variety of engineered and natural systems to get the job done, using physical, chemical, biological, and sludge treatment methods. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic compounds.
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