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Demand to cite this tale on your essay, paper, or report? Use among the following formats: Note: If no author is given, the source is cited alternatively. ScienceDaily (Feb. one,Office Professional Plus 2007 Key, 2011) — The European Space Agency's Cluster satellites have flown through a natural particle accelerator just above Earth's atmosphere. The data they collected are unlocking how most from the dramatic displays for the northern and southern lights are generated. Two of Cluster's four satellites found themselves in a natural particle accelerator above the northern hemisphere on 5 June 2009. The first to cross was satellite C3 at an altitude of 6400 km, followed five minutes later by C1 at 9000 km. This is the first time that scientists have measured such a region simultaneously using more than one satellite. The readings allow the electrical landscape with the acceleration region to be mapped. "This is like geography, only as a substitute in the contours being the height of a landscape, they are the electrical potentials that span the region," says Göran Marklund from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm,Windows 7 X86, Sweden. These electrical potentials act in both uphill and downhill directions,microsoft Office 2010 keygen, accelerating particles towards and away from Earth, according to their charges. When particles strike the atmosphere, they create the shimmering curtains of light known as the aurora, or more commonly the northern and southern lights. About two-thirds in the bright auroras are estimated to be produced in this way. Since 2006, the Cluster satellites have been drifting away from their initial orbits because they are being constantly nudged by the gravity for the Moon and the Sun. Fortuitously, the current orbit occasionally passes through the Auroral Acceleration Region, which spans 4000 km to 12000 km above our planet. The satellites do not encounter a natural particle accelerator on every orbit. Those responsible for the bright auroras are temporary alignments for the electrical fields around Earth. They are highly variable in altitude and so not always present. This first encounter with a natural particle accelerator associated with a large-scale aurora has proved that they may be stable for at least five minutes. A few more encounters are expected during the near future before Cluster's orbit drifts back out from the region. "Cluster has now shown us the very heart in the acceleration process responsible for most bright auroras. It has offered us our first look at the electrical structure and stability of such an accelerator," says Prof. Marklund. Such natural particle accelerators pop up ubiquitously throughout the Solar System, especially with the strong magnetic fields for the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. The new results from Cluster allow theoreticians to place much tighter constraints on their models of exactly how such accelerators work and give greater insight into the workings of space plasma. Tale Source: The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials furnished by European Space Agency. Journal Reference: Göran Marklund,Windows 7 64bit, Soheil Sadeghi, Tomas Karlsson, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Hans Nilsson, Colin Forsyth, Andrew Fazakerley,microsoft Office 2010 Serial, Elizabeth Lucek, Jolene Pickett. Altitude Distribution for the Auroral Acceleration Potential Determined from Cluster Satellite Data at Different Heights. Physical Review Letters, 2011; 106 (5) DOI: 10.1103PhysRevLett.106.055002 Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.