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57365 2010 年 06 月 27 日 19:18 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Personal Diary
I. Introduction:
1, the production level method:
low efficiency of domestic traditional design methods, quality difficult to control. Japan's structural detail drawings, there is no joint construction, joint construction detail by the construction company (construction unit) for the second design, design efficiency, quality can be guaranteed. United States given the structural design of reinforced area only, the specific way by the construction company engaged in reinforcement. Accordingly the design of the traditional Chinese methods must be reformed.
2, level The principle:
design process: design structure system> structural analysis (mechanical analysis)> Structural design of construction drawings.
structural design is a commodity, a use value, is a special commodity, into creative work and repetitive work (non-creative work.) Completed by the structural engineer is now part of the creative design (creative work),
monster beats, the node structure, node structure is not outside the labor of structural engineers, was copied from the specification. (Note: The node structure is not be calculated, is testing out by researchers.) Traditional single component projection method that creative work creative work and non-mixed node structure and node structure of the design is outside the repeatability Labor (non-creative work.) This produced a structure based on standardized, the idea of standardized construction, with digital, symbolic representation of the graphic representation, said the overall creative design. Graphic overall design methods, including methods and standards that map in two parts. Standardized node structure,
Monster Beats Headphones, the construction company to increase the amount of labor.
3, Ping Method Applied:
1991 年 9 月份 square law applies to projects started in Shandong, began to promote peace law. Structural map for all of the components, a map-ping methods are, which ones to behold, very convenient. The introduction of flat method, there is strong support, and resolutely oppose, do not stand three kinds of people, then the patent contribution to the state, become the national standard.
square method is to engage in structural design and construction professionals looking to improve the technology content, let non-professionals to understand, design the reform also contributed to the construction unit technical staff levels. Ping method is a revolution in the field of structural design, more than double the efficiency, enabling China's unreasonable staffing structure of industry has been rectified. Now, the three architects with an architect.
Second, the column level method:
1, definition of questions:
(1) embedded in solid position is at the basement roof, the structure below ground structure (including basement part) was placed under the infrastructure (to be out of Atlas.) Embedded solid stirrup also classified into the following parts of the infrastructure area and does not belong to the ##############.
(2) the total cross-section steel column column-sectional area b × h, the total cross-section of steel beam beam cross-section area of the effective b × h0, h0 to buckle a single row of beams reinforced with high 35mm, 60mm double reinforced after the value.
(3) a protective layer protects the surface, a line, does not protect a point. Have been completed to make all of the reinforced concrete of 360 ○ package.
2, reinforced questions:
(1) overlap in the stirrup steel bar to be non-encrypted area, in the case of all high-encryption can break the above provisions, to avoid the ends can be connected in the middle area. Two steel bars welded column does not exceed two steps, if more than two differential cross section can be substituted.
(2) * two steel cross bar when the two close together to allow, as close together is a point to consider is the bond line and surface.
(3) Column Reinforced Roof up direct links, capitals, if there is no beam, the 12d and do not bend. Maximize the use of steel columns close b graph node edge style, close to the outer edge of the column reinforcement to reduce congestion, the effective edge can be reinforced columns.
(4) column stirrups complex ways very reasonable, any of the site of a partial duplication of no more than two layers of steel, and two of steel to minimize the probability and length of side by side. Because the two side by side bar appears, there is a dark between two steel joints, there are risks, of reinforced concrete can not do the 360 ○ bond. Column stirrup stirrups first by one of the largest wrap the rest can all use the stretch, and the longitudinal reinforcement bars to be pulled.
(5) and single-leg stirrup stretch the concept of difference, no need to hook all (vertical, horizontal) of the reinforcement, and reinforcement must be hooked all the bars.
Third, shear level method:
1, definition of questions:
shear wall to resist lateral seismic force levels,
monster pro headphones, seismic ideas as: Wall> column (1st line of defense in> the first two lines of defense.) Corner of the wall in the corner of lap steel is not allowed. Assigned to the edge of the bar as far as possible to form a side column, such as dark columns, end columns, shear walls is also part of the dark columns. Shear reinforcement does not overlap the bottom of strengthening the area.
2, reinforced questions:
(1) Constrained edge of a large component of the stirrups, the stirrup members constructed a small edge. When the wall of the dark column is long, horizontal shear wall reinforcement and stirrups extended beyond its borders end, unless the designer noted. Level of muscle stretching from side wall column can be an anchor length (side frame of reference of column column.)
(2) wall for the top of the wall the top of the beam with beam, hoop to the wall in the stirrups. The level of shear layer must be placed outside of the vertical bar on the inside.
(3) dark beam stirrups: shear walls and dark vertical bars on the same level of beam stirrups. Frame beam along the wall, forming the border beam BKL.
(4) AC * dark hold stirrups and construction requirements under the label, dark hold for the half thickness of the wall,
bose headphones, thin wall used to pay * reinforcement. Try to use thick steel columns, steel beams do not use too thick.
(5) the level of the hole steel reinforcement and shear reinforcement: strengthening the vertical and horizontal steel reinforced columns buckle, not to strengthen the tendons on the outside; vertical steel columns to enhance cross-bar buckle. The level of ribs on the wall hole, the vertical bar on the inside. Dark hole reinforcement beam 400 high, as in the stirrups to the size (calculations need to add two stirrups diameter), with the dark beam width wide. Reinforcing bars anchored into the wall dark longitudinal beams,
Dre Beats Headphones, the rigid strip,
Beats Headphones, formed a complete edge.
(6) of beams: a beam for shear walls, sub floor coupling beam (floor coupling beam) and the roof of beams (top of the wall with beam). Beam with beam and links do not take the sector, Ping Law does not use even the tie beam. Pull beam is a special beam, non-frame beam nor ordinary beam.
IV Liangping method:
1, definition of questions:
(1) frame at both ends of the column as the beam is bearing beam, one end of the pillar, one end of the beam will not constitute a frame beam (non-frame beam), treatment can not be handled solely by non-frame beam, should end by frame beam, other end of the deal on non-frame beams.
(2) pass through long tendons and tendons of the concept: It is not a bar (not the same diameter of steel), reinforced by way of the formation of a lap.
(3) ln / 3 or ln / 4 are structural requirements; design requirements breakpoint negative moment steel reinforcement without the need for the re-grow some point, do not operable; usually ln / 3 or ln / 4 to meet the structural requirements not met under special circumstances. (Note: does not exist in engineering analysis the exact value, there is only control values.)
(4) horizontal bar ≥ 0.4lae, vertical section of steel for the 15D, not meet the above requirements, it will be fine reinforcing bars (such as substitution of steel area.)
2, reinforced questions:
(1) torsion beam longitudinal reinforcement (N bars), the longitudinal beam structure of reinforced (G muscle) approach: N tensile steel bars anchored by, G 12d hoop tendons anchored to; G reinforcement bars for the construction , high beam with one to every ≤ 200, N bars according to their needs. (Note: The transformation of large reinforced side structure: In recent years large cracks in the side of the beam, more beam side reinforcement can reduce the structural cracks in the side of the beam, but I think does not make sense.)
(2) should be avoided in the node steel welding, lap, steel do not recommend connecting node to anchor. Nodes in the lower box beam reinforced KZL not disconnect, because this tension reinforcement.
(3) cross beam: any part of an intersection is not support; beam intersection location is determined by the designer put an additional hoop to hoop set is the intersection of two beams, four directions are located.
(4) hanging bars Height: hanging bars surround the secondary beams must not only be hooked the second row of the lower main beam reinforcement (steel hook in the front row could not), or third row of bars (second row When steel hook live) is the height of the main beam hanger height. .
V. Summary:
1, in order to design plans: basic (flat support member)> column, wall \
2, when a budget figure out \Columns reinforced through, Leung column (Anchorage); beam reinforcement through the plate into the beam (anchor); foundation beam JCL main beam steel all through, JCL secondary beam reinforcement to the beam edge so far, JCL must maintain the column position reinforced the connection, not the anchor, reinforced throughout the.
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