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Old 04-29-2011, 05:08 AM   #1
linshaoqin0
 
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Default 伴奏

  下页登录|注册|发新帖|搜寻键盘中国论坛>>◇乐理学习与歌曲创作◇发表一下我的即行伴奏论文,paul smith glasses,高手斧正,谢谢。键盘小岳2007-7-3 01:111楼浅谈即兴伴奏的学习与提高? ???通常我们所说的观赏独唱或独奏,并不指由歌唱家或小提琴家在台上的独自表演,他们通常有一位钢琴家担 负伴奏,这与由乐队伴奏的独唱或独奏是有所不同的。我们把那种有伴奏钢琴家参加的演出说成是独奏或独唱表演 ,这对于钢琴家的存在是彻底的疏忽或否定。一、钢琴伴奏必备为歌唱演员伴奏的钢琴家必须具备独奏钢琴家的所 有技能和水平,并且还需掌握更多的技巧。那么,必须具备的技巧或技巧应有些什么呢?(一)、最基础的应是能 完整自如地控制键盘,即通过琴声表白演奏者对音乐的懂得和感触。与独奏比拟,为歌曲伴奏的钢琴演奏中虽然可 能不太运用双八度音,但弹奏任何一支曲子,如舒伯特的“魔王”,都要求伴奏者必须拥有独奏的水平和技能。所 谓技巧的含意毫不仅是指演奏者能弹得很快、很响,它包含触键和音色的许多重要方面。它甚至要求伴奏者比独奏 者有更高的水平,必须能弹出最丰盛的音色变更。在一场音乐会中,独奏者需要表现的可能有:模拟吉它的声音( 如格瑞拉多斯的《安达鲁萨》);演奏婉伤的歌曲(如门德尔松的《无字歌》);表现畅游在波光鳞鳞水中的金鱼 (如德彪西的《Prissons d�or》)。而作为伴奏者在一首15分钟的舒伯特的歌曲中,可能需要有这样的表现技能:表现相似吉它拨弦 的声音(如《小夜曲》);刻画类似纺轮的旋转(如《Gretchen am Spinnrade》);表现鳟鱼在溪水中畅游的欢乐(如《鳟鱼》)。上述比较表明,音乐自身就是音乐,伴 奏与独奏都是对音乐的表示,在这一点上两者并无大的差别。力度应该是伴奏技巧的内容之一。伴奏者必须具有对 力度的深入理解,应当晓得何时表现何种力度。力度的控制是个绝对的变化概念,它与音响的环境有关,如一个房 间的大小如何(无论是否铺有地毯),一架钢琴的特征如何,更为重要的是歌颂家的音域和音色如何,例如女高音 与消沉的钢琴的配合就比男中音与钢琴的配合效果要好得多。不外在登台演出之前,仅仅对歌唱家的音域和音量有 所懂得还不够。每支曲目必须逐节进行分析,例如若原乐谱中某些段落的钢琴伴奏过于剧烈,那么是否有必要改为 柔和些?是否有必要在某些段落中将钢琴的音量节制在演唱者的音量内?是否某些段落需要歌声比琴声更大?是否 有某些小节需要演唱者的歌声比琴声更柔柔一些?(二)、伴奏者必须以足够的音量支撑和衬托出歌曲的艺术沾染 力,当钢琴演奏序曲、幕间曲、序幕时,一定要能充足、正确地表现曲作者的原创用意与情感。如果伴奏者老是在 问本人:“我的声音是否太大了?”那么其成果只能使伴奏音乐显得脆弱和卑怯。所以,对力度的掌握是一种均衡 技能的表现。在演奏独奏作品时,左右手的配合是均衡的关键,它保障了全部旋律的流利、清楚。在为歌曲伴奏时 ,平衡的要害不仅在于左右手的配合,还在于琴声与歌声的配合。此时代替双手“二重唱”的是左手、右手、歌声 的“三重唱”。而歌声与琴声之间的均衡主要是由伴奏钢琴家来实现的。(三)、对于节奏和速度。 伴奏者在演唱歌曲之前能对排练时肯定的速度保持苏醒的记忆是无比必要的,但是他还必须能灵巧地在演出中随时 调剂节奏,如果当演出季节奏与排练时的节奏涌现不一致时,或者是演唱者因常设性的换气或停顿忽然转变了本来 的节奏时。当演唱者表演较长的唱段时,灵活地把持节奏也同样很重要,由于在这种情况下唱得稍快一些可以鼓励 歌唱者的信念。当歌唱者演唱特别长的唱段,或是想强调某个重要唱词或某种情绪时,适当地放慢节奏能够使这种 表演轻松自若。而在某些唱词或唱段中,伴奏者则必需与歌唱者保持高度的一致而不是自行其事。在所有语言的歌 曲演唱中这种技巧都是极为主要的,例如在德语歌曲的演唱中,常常有从爆破音转入元音(如schmerz,s chlummer,spricht等词),此时节奏的控制更为重要。上述技巧只有当伴奏者具备坚实的乐理素 养知识才能真正得以发挥。因而伴奏者必须具备包括和声与旋律对位、乐章分析、敏锐的听力以及表现乐曲的风格 等丰富的音乐实践知识。家喻户晓,一位优良的伴奏者通常也是一位杰出的音乐家,而且在乐理方面的修养可能比 接收其伴奏的演唱者更深沉。很多歌唱家艺术生活的起始常常是他们圆润甜蜜的嗓音,然而却没有多少理论涵养领 导其施展艺术上的禀赋。在笔者看来,有些歌剧明星演员或歌唱家的胜利主要在于他们幽美的嗓音,而他们的伴奏 者却往往充任着他们的领导老师,辅助他们识谱、正音以及更好地表达作品的内涵,甚至具体地讲解歌词等等。当 初音乐教养中关于钢琴伴奏有正谱和即兴之说,笔者以为这两者固然有差别然而不相对的鸿沟,声乐的正谱伴奏也 是由即兴发展而来的。没有即兴伴奏就不会有正谱了。二、什么是即兴伴奏咱们所说的即兴伴奏是指不必伴奏谱的 情况下,为歌曲或器乐曲所弹的伴奏,当然也可以当时做一些筹备,如熟悉一下乐谱,分析歌曲的根本情感与内容 ,分析一下调式,标志功能记号,设计一下各段的伴奏音型与奏法等等。这样做就可以使即兴伴奏减少盲目性,加 强标准性,由此可见即兴伴奏并不是横七竖八的海阔天空,当然也不是伴奏正谱那样精心设计严厉规范。因此,既 要有章法,又要根据具体情形灵活应用, 才叫即兴伴奏。钢琴即兴伴奏是一门综合课。首先当然应具备必定的钢琴基础,依照教科书的说法,至少应具备相 称于拜厄后期或车尔尼599中期的水平。当然,实际学习中应使钢琴技巧与即兴伴奏技术同步发展。而且,体系 的学习和声也是进行即兴伴奏必不可少的除了上两门与即兴伴奏直接有关外,最重要的仍是要进行大批的练习与实 践。同样,吉他中的扒带对钢琴伴奏来说也是实用的。三、即兴伴奏的形成要素? ? 钢琴伴奏的原理,实在也就是弹奏和声的问题,但这又不单纯是和声的问题,在它背地,还有如何选配,用什么方 法弹奏的问题,而配和声又要依据详细作品的需要,这就还要又分析能力和综合应用能力,因此即兴伴奏是一系列 基础常识技能应用于此的具体体现。它反应了一个人的知识,技能,水温和综合应用能力,这就需要在一直学习, 反复实践中逐渐把握和提高。即兴伴奏的构成有以下因素:钢琴技巧;和声基础;伴奏音型;歌曲分析;综合应用 能力等。? ? (一)、扎实的钢琴技巧:钢琴是一种技艺性很强的乐器,准确的弹奏方式,富于层次感的触键方法,良好的音阶 、琶音、和弦、八度技术,以及钢琴踏板的合理使用等等,均是弹好歌曲钢琴即兴伴奏的前提。有了一定的钢琴基 础,素日还应增强键盘和声的训练,造就本身的和声思维,在脑筋中逐步熟习各个调性的和声的音响效果,从而进 步对各个调式、调性歌曲的应变才能。 当然,这不是久而久之的事件,需要长期练习,方能坚固与完美。钢琴即兴伴奏所必须具备的条件之一就是钢琴技 巧,不会弹钢琴的人是无奈在钢琴上弹伴奏的。所以说扎实的钢琴技巧是即兴伴奏的条件前提。但要明确一点,钢 琴技巧绝不完全等同于伴奏技巧,二者有区别的:钢琴演奏是以机械练习为主,情绪加工处置为帮助来再现乐谱内 容的,而钢琴即兴伴奏是通过自身的艺术涵养以发明性的劳动完成歌曲或乐曲伴奏的义务,使之成为与歌曲或乐曲 相辅相成的艺术整体。? ? (二)、坚固的和声基本:当歌曲伴奏者拿到一首歌曲时,他所要做的第一步就是要在最短的时光内通过视唱了解 歌曲的调式调性、思想内容、风格、速度、构造等等,力求在弹奏前在头脑中预先构思完成和声的音响效果。有的 学生拿到一首歌曲后只看调性不论调式,明明是E小调歌曲却按G大调选配和弦;明明是徵调式歌曲却按宫调式配 弹等等。例如歌曲《仲春里来》,ghd cheap,这是一首徵调式与宫调式交替的民歌,开端为徵调式,后转为宫调式。为这类歌曲选配和弦时,不仅要看结束音 ,还要留神旋律中骨干音与停止音是否一致,除了要在理论上对各调式的和弦功效关联搞明白外,客观音响应是最 重要的断定根据。 个别比较短小的少年儿童歌曲,如《幸福拍手歌》、《粉刷匠》等,在和弦选配中应力求清晰、简练,以正三和弦 为主,或恰当辅助以副和弦,或参加个别存在色彩的性的和弦作为装点,以凸起歌曲的旋律,对于进行曲风格的歌 曲,如《中华国民共和国国歌》、《我们走在大路上》等,这类歌曲的和弦选配应多用功能性较强的和弦,适当增 添副和弦,而附属和弦的合理使用能有效的加强和声进行的能源感。抒情性歌曲,如《十五的月亮》、《长江之歌 》等和弦的选配,则不用请求很强的和声力度,在调性清晰、稳固的前提下,副和弦及从属和弦的合理使用,可以 丰硕和声色彩,这在歌曲伴奏中是异常重要的。即兴伴奏属多声部范围,当然需要和声基础。而和声水平的高下又 直接关系到伴奏的音响效果和表现力。和声选择要根据具体的作品需要来考虑,处理好排列法,衔接法,省略音, 功能性,颜色性,节奏感,表现力及和弦的结构与和弦外音,和声风格等等。这在和声练习中有固定的规矩,而在 实际应用当中又是很机动的。还有的问题在练习中找不到,而在实际利用当中又是必须处理好的。因此和声基础是 非常重要的。? ?(三)、丰富的伴奏类型:控制了一定的钢琴基础,和声基础,nike air max white,就要用一定的形式进行陈说。伴奏音型就是和声基础应用到详细作品中有法则的陈述形式,而这个形式是否恰当 ,怎么才干恰当,应当有一定的根据。如钢琴的机能,伴奏音型的特色与表现力,演奏方法,以及伴奏者现有钢琴 技巧的程度,应用能力的水同等等,伴见效果的好坏,除了和声后果以外就是伴奏音型的应用了。因此,创造性的 选择好,设计好伴奏音型是弹好即兴伴奏所必不可少的重要内容。钢琴属于多声部乐器,它具备广阔的音域和变化 细腻的力度档次,它的吹奏技巧十分丰富,伴奏音型千姿百态、多种多样,且每种伴奏音型都有它各自的表现特点 。 一首歌曲也可以包括多种音型的选择,选择时必须斟酌某种音型是否与歌曲内容、情绪、风格、速度相适应。如节 奏慎重、情绪激动的进行曲式歌曲,可选用强有力的、肢体丰富的柱式音型;节奏明快、情绪活跃热闹、旋律富于 跳跃的跳舞性歌曲,可选用半分解式、全分解式或柱式的跳跃音型;情绪变化丰富细腻、富于诗情画意、旋律起伏 较大的抒情性歌曲,则可用全分解、半分解或比拟迟缓的柱式音型等。伴奏者在拿到一首新歌时,必须很好的理解 和掌握好作品所要抒发的思惟、感情内涵。只有这样,能力有的放矢的挑选好合适歌曲思维内容、作风的伴奏音型 ? ?(四)、过细的音乐作品分析:对音乐作品的文体,tods online store,情势,曲式,内容的分析,是是否恰入选择和声,伴奏音型的根据,就和声而言,调性的明白,半终止,终止确 实定及和弦结构,和声效果,风格是否与作品内容相同一,都是通过对作品的分析来断定的。伴奏音型的抉择也是 要依据对歌曲的分析,一首精美的抒怀作品和一首动摇有力的进行曲,二者的伴奏音型确定是不同的,就是统一首 作品在每一乐段之间以及从呈示发展到热潮再现的处理也是不可能情随事迁的。因此,从伴奏的须要动身,对作品 进行剖析长短常必要的,特殊是对伴奏音型的选择与应用更是不能缺乏的一个重要环节。(五)、综合应用能力: 综合运用能力是指钢琴技巧,和声基础,伴奏音型,作品分析四个方面的综合以及即兴的编配,与演唱者的配合, 艺术实践教训等内容。这个能力的培育跟锤炼是能否弹好即兴伴奏的关键。? ?(六)、 较好的心理素质是歌曲钢琴即兴伴奏的保障:歌曲钢琴即兴伴奏在上演时经常会出现各种意想不到的情况。如演出 者跑调、节奏不稳、记错重复记号、嗓音出现问题以及音响失控等等。这就要求伴奏者在心理上要有较强的适应和 反映能力,不能因临场呈现的小纰漏而影响音乐的完全性。要想战胜舞台缓和情绪,平时要多加强技术训练协作, “艺高人胆大”,ferragamo shoes for women,多走台、多登台,坚持情醒的头脑,是必不可少的。 歌曲钢琴即兴伴奏水平的提高,关键还是靠平时的积聚。每一位伴奏者的成熟均来自于艺术实际的千锤百炼。上面 说的是关于键盘局部的,钢琴演奏中对踏板的公道运用也是即兴伴奏成功的症结。键盘小岳2007-7-3 01:112楼四、钢琴演奏中踏板的应用:? ?我们可以把即兴伴奏钢琴踏板的应用作用归纳为下面多少方面? ?钢琴谱中通常会面到踏板的运用(一)、逢迎和声的变化  乐曲中跟着和声的变换而变换踏板,这是一个比较 基本的常识。演奏者在演奏时要对乐曲的和声变换有所了解,以取舍正确的踏板使用办法,假如对乐曲的和声没有 做出适当的分
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Old 04-29-2011, 05:09 AM   #2
6ssjh8odf
 
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Default

Liu Xiaojun, a family of three sat in bed eating lunch.

press Xieyin Bo Zhu Yi Jing Bao He Wenwen / Man Blues / map

breakfast shop owner Mr. Yang said that the work they have seen the old Liu is the most serious cleaners, every day morning 5:30 time down the stairs, swept to come from the meticulous, he took over from the work of cleaning since the Huangpu Road, Huangpu road a lot cleaner.
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wealth. 9-year-old child, speaking in a large knife in the cooking vegetable, such a scenario is difficult to make I'll never forget. ways to save money for the family, ,tory burch uk, Deng Xiaolin am particularly pleased, to send him to school in rags that does not matter, wear on the line together.
Since Deng Xiaolin never went to school, life will only write their own name and know some Arabic, so she often tell small army to say is Palei not afraid of hardship, It comes to cleaning old Liu, almost everyone could not help but admire a few. Exit in the rental building there is a breakfast shop owner Mr. Yang said that the work they have seen the old Liu is the most serious cleaners, 5:30 every morning on time down the stairs, swept to come from the meticulous, he took over from Since the work of cleaning Huangpu Road, Huangpu road a lot cleaner. To pay tribute to each store to buy breakfast old Liu, Mr. Yang is always one or two dollars less revenue.
Huangpu Road clean, so that shop owners are more of a love of old Liu, leisure time is always not forget to When we learned that in addition to old Liu for 6-year-old son to kindergarten, there were just a son in college, but also added a bit cleaner this simple tribute. Huang Whampoa opened a food shop street, he found, Liu Renhai cleaning the street and always the way to collect cans, plastic bottles and other waste, and since then, Huang will also help all of the customer to leave the bottle collected and sent to Liu Renhai.
students took to the streets to sweep the streets for the father's moving story spread throughout the neighborhood, the local residents but also express a variety of ways the love of an old Liu, allowing Liu Renhai quite moved.
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