acute upper respiratory tract infection is the nasal cavity, pharynx, or acute inflammation of the throat almost said. Common pathogens as viruses, few are bacteria. The incidence of no age, gender, occupation and regional differences. Generally mild, short duration, the prognosis is good. However, due to the high incidence of certain infectious, not only affects the production of labor, and sometimes can have serious complications, should be actively control. The incidence of the disease all year, but high in winter and spring, through droplets containing the virus contaminated hands and utensils or spread, more distributed, but can be popular during abrupt climate change.
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Basic Profile of a clinical diagnosis and treatment measures, symptomatic treatment of the second, three-antibiotic therapy,
skechers tone ups, Chinese medicine treatment of clinical epidemiology etiology and pathology of one or two common cold, viral pharyngitis, throat Three inflammation and bronchitis, herpes angina four, five pharyngeal conjunctival fever, bacterial throat - complications of tonsillitis secondary inspection for a differential diagnosis, blood Second, the determination of virus and viral antigens common sense health tips on prevention measures to prevent the basic profile As more types of the virus, the body produces a variety of immunity after infection is weak and transient, there is no cross-immunity, while people living with HIV in healthy people, so a person can have multiple disease within 1 year.
acute upper respiratory tract infection
Acute upper respiratory infection about 70% to 80% caused by a virus. Direct or secondary bacterial infection after viral infection occurred in order to hemolytic streptococcus was more common, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. When cold, rain, fatigue and other predisposing factors, the systemic or local defense function of lower respiratory tract, the original already exists in the upper respiratory tract or from outside intrusion of viruses or bacteria can multiply rapidly, causing the disease, especially in young and old, frail or chronic respiratory diseases such as sinusitis, tonsillitis were more susceptible. Clinical diagnosis based on history, the prevalence of nasopharyngeal symptoms and signs of inflammation, combined with peripheral blood and chest X-ray diagnosis can be made. For bacterial culture and virus isolation, or viral serology, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination inhibition test and other
respiratory structures
, to determine the etiological diagnosis. There is no treatment effect of respiratory virus antiviral drugs or traditional Chinese medicine treatment for common symptomatic measures. First, the symptomatic treatment of severe illness or fever or elderly and infirm should stay in bed, avoid smoking, drinking water, indoor ventilation. If fever, headache, fever can be used painkillers such as aspirin compound to films such as oral pain. Anti-inflammatory throat lozenges sore throat with services available, local spray treatment. Nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal available 1% ephedrine. Second, if bacterial infection antibiotic therapy, the choice of suitable antibiotics such as penicillin, erythromycin, spiramycin, ofloxacin. Virus infection alone generally do not have antibiotics. Chemotherapy virus infection, it is not mature. Moroxydine (ABOB) of influenza viruses and respiratory viruses have a certain effect. Vidarabine has some of the effects of adenovirus infection. Rifampicin can selectively inhibit viral RNA polymerase, influenza virus and adenovirus have a certain effect. In recent years, found that a synthetic, the strong IFN inducer - poly (referred to as poly l: C) allows the body to produce interferon, which inhibits the propagation of the virus. Third, the Chinese medicine treatment
stuffy nose
using the principles of Chinese medicine or Differential Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections has its unique feature. Etiology and pathology of acute respiratory infections and about 70% -80% caused by a virus. There are influenza viruses (A, B,
skechers shape ups, C), parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, ECHO virus, Coxsackie virus, measles virus, rubella virus. Following bacterial infection, either directly or after the occurrence of viral infection to hemolytic streptococcus was more common, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Occasionally gram-negative bacilli. The infection mainly for rhinitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis. When cold, rain, fatigue and other predisposing factors, the systemic or local defense function of lower respiratory tract, the original already exists in the upper respiratory tract or from outside intrusion of viruses or bacteria can multiply rapidly, causing the disease, especially the young and old, infirm or chronic respiratory diseases such as paranasal sinusitis, tonsillitis were more easily infected. Nasal and pharyngeal mucosa congestion, edema, epithelial cell damage, a small amount of infiltration of mononuclear cells, with serous and mucinous inflammatory exudate. Secondary bacterial infection, infiltration of neutrophils, a large number of purulent discharge. Epidemiology of the disease all year the disease, multiple winter and spring, through droplets containing the virus spread or contaminated equipment,
skechers women, the majority are sporadic, but often popular during abrupt climate change. As more types of the virus, the body produces a variety of immunity after infection is weak and transient, there is no cross-immunity, while people living with HIV in healthy people, so a person can have multiple disease within a year. Cause of clinical manifestations according to different clinical manifestations may have different types:
sneezing
First, the common cold (common cold) commonly known as catarrhal symptoms as the main performance. Most adult nasal viruses, time for the parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, ECHO virus, Coxsackie virus. More abrupt onset, beginning with throat, throat itching or burning sensation, or a few hours after the onset of the same time, may have sneezing, nasal congestion, flow of water after ,2-3d-like nose thickens. May be associated with sore throat, and sometimes hearing loss due to Eustachian tube inflammation can also occur tears, taste retardation, shortness of breath, hoarseness, a small cough. Usually no fever and systemic symptoms, or only a low fever, malaise, mild chills and headache. Examination showed nasal mucosa congestion, edema, discharge, mild throat congestion. If no complications, the general recovery after 5-7d. Second, viral pharyngitis, laryngitis and bronchitis virus based on the upper and lower respiratory tract infection caused by different anatomical parts of the inflammatory response, clinically manifested as pharyngitis, laryngitis and bronchitis. Acute viral pharyngitis and more by the rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus caused. Clinical features for the itching and burning sensation in the throat, pain is not lasting, nor prominent. Pain when swallowing, often suggestive of streptococcal infection. Cough rare. Influenza virus and adenovirus infection may have fever and fatigue. Significant congestion and pharyngeal edema examination. Submandibular lymph node enlargement and tenderness. Pharyngitis may be associated with adenovirus conjunctivitis. Acute laryngitis and more by the rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus caused. Clinical characteristics include hoarseness, speech difficulties, coughing pain, often fever, pharyngitis or cough, throat examination shows edema, congestion, local lymph node enlargement and mild tenderness, and wheezing can be heard. Acute bronchitis and more by the respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus and other causes. Clinical manifestations of cough, sputum or sputum showed no mucus, accompanied by fever and fatigue. Other symptoms often hoarseness, non-pleura of the chest under the pain. Could be heard and dry or wet sound. X-ray showed increased vascular shadows, enhance, but no pulmonary infiltration shadows. Influenza virus or coronavirus acute bronchitis often occurs in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Third, the herpes angina often caused by the Coxsackie virus A, showing obvious sore throat, fever, course of about a week. Examination showed pharyngeal congestion, soft palate, the palate down, pharynx and tonsil surface of herpes are superficial gray ulcers, surrounded by flush. Attack than in summer, common children, occasionally in adults. Fourth, mainly by the pharyngeal conjunctival fever of adenovirus, coxsackie virus caused. Clinical manifestations are fever, sore throat, photophobia, tearing, pharynx and conjunctival hyperemia significantly. Course of 4-6d, often occurs in the summer, swimming in the spread. More common in children. Fifth, bacterial throat - Tonsillitis many cited by the hemolytic streptococcus, times for Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, staphylococcus and other causes. Acute onset, obviously sore throat,
skechers shape up shoes, chills, fever, body temperature can reach above 39 ℃. Examination showed marked hyperemia throat, tonsil swelling, redness, surface dotted with yellow exudate, submandibular lymph node enlargement and tenderness, no abnormal lung signs. Differential diagnosis of this disease need to identify with the following diseases; one, allergic rhinitis, clinically as Sometimes the smell can episodes of abnormal, 1-2h after a few minutes to recover. Examination: pale nasal mucosa, edema, nasal secretion smear eosinophilia seen. Second, the prevalence of influenza is often obvious. Acute onset, severe systemic symptoms, high fever, body aches, conjunctivitis symptoms, but less nasopharyngeal symptoms. Lotion to take nasal epithelial cells in the smear samples, fluorescently labeled influenza virus with immune serum staining, examined under a fluorescence microscope set will help early diagnosis, or virus isolation or serology for differential diagnosis. Third, the prodromal symptoms of acute infectious diseases such as measles, polio, encephalitis, etc. early in the illness often upper respiratory symptoms, the epidemic season in these areas should be closely observed or popular, and the necessary laboratory tests, are provided difference. Complications of upper respiratory tract infection untreated, inflammation can spread to other organs of the body corresponding symptoms, systemic symptoms also increase. Common complication may have sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenitis and retropharyngeal (or side) wall abscess. Acute otitis media, the more the heat to subside because of earache crying disturbed, shaking his head, grasping the ear, early tympanic membrane hyperemia, bulging, after perforation or pus out of the slurry, not treated early can affect hearing, pharyngeal wall abscess can occur when feeding, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, head back, mouth breathing and other symptoms, throat examination showed redness, swelling, pharyngeal wall was semicircles processes, the soft palate and lateral pharyngeal arch palate onward, young and frail children with upper respiratory tract infection easily downward, causing bronchitis and pneumonia. Complicated by mesenteric lymphadenitis, there Cullen paroxysmal abdominal pain, no fixed tender points and muscle tension. And a bacterial infection, a small number of frail children, and other parts of the body can still cause complications such as sepsis, meningitis, and kidney nephritis. Children suffering from hammer; upper respiratory infection caused by the first infection, often complicated by acute glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever and other allergic diseases. A secondary check, blood viral infection see normal or low white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage increased. Bacterial infection and neutrophil white blood cell count increased and a left shift phenomenon. Second, the determination of virus and viral antigens can be used as necessary, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serological diagnosis and virus isolation and identification, to determine the type of virus, different viral and bacterial infections. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests to determine the type of bacteria. Preventive measures to strengthen the body's own disease and the prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection the best way. If we insist on the right of regular physical exercise, adhere to the cold bath, to improve disease prevention capabilities and the body's ability to adapt to the cold. Cold work to do to avoid inducement. Law of life,
shape up shoes, avoid fatigue, especially at night overwork. Note that the patient's respiratory isolation to prevent cross-infection. Acute upper respiratory infection
sneezing to meet with his mouth open
acute upper respiratory tract infection caused by a virus or some bacteria nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, acute inflammation of the throat. Referred to as acute on the flu. On the etiology and pathogenesis of influenza caused by a virus and more, such as rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus. More on the sense of bacterial infection after secondary to hemolytic streptococci the most common, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. When the body's resistance to local defense function to reduce or lower respiratory tract (such as cold, rain, excessive fatigue, etc.), already exists in the upper respiratory tract or invasion from outside the virus multiply rapidly, causing respiratory mucosal congestion and edema, mononuclear cell infiltration , inflammation of serous or mucinous exudate. Virus infection may ciliated cell necrosis, loss, destruction of epithelial defense function, easy to secondary bacterial infection. Common cold, abrupt onset of clinical manifestations, early throat, sneezing, followed by chills, runny nose, stuffy nose, fever, cough, sputum slightly small amount of mucus, with body aches, headache, poor appetite, nausea, abdominal distension. Medical pharyngeal mucosa congestion. Influenza is characterized by rapid onset, rapid spread, the body began to have obvious symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, low back pain in the limbs, weakness, sneezing, runny nose, throat, cough, respiratory tract beginning obvious symptoms, high fever for 2 to 3 days after the waning of respiratory symptoms became apparent, some patients may have loss of appetite, nausea, constipation. Diagnosis based on clinical manifestations, epidemiology, especially nasopharyngeal symptoms and signs can often make a diagnosis of acute influenza. It should be noted that many acute infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever,
skechers shoes, encephalitis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, polio, typhoid, viral hepatitis were the early symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, you need to pay attention to identify. Lack of treatment of respiratory tract infection treatment effects may be appropriate, Moroxydine, cytarabine, ribavirin, amantadine; also use a number of preparations of Chinese traditional medicines, such as cold granules, Banlangen granules, anti-virus oral liquid, heat oral detoxification, Yinqiaojiedu pills (tablets) and so on. Also need to use some symptomatic treatment measures, if fever, headache, body pain, antipyretic analgesics available at the time; sneezing, runny nose, nasal obstruction can chlorpheniramine, cold-pass, etc.; cough cough medicines available; pharyngeal pain when Available Du Miefen throat lozenges, tablets, etc. lysozyme. If secondary bacterial infection may be sensitive antibiotics. Prevention of common sense is the most common epidemic influenza. Ability of the virus is not pathogenic, the influenza epidemic, and only a wide range of upper respiratory symptoms (sneezing, coughing, watery eyes, runny nose) and confuse the common cold. Two properties were different influenza should be treated on the common cold, just enough rest, take symptomatic drugs, mainly anti-allergic, three to five days will have passed. Severe influenza, ferocious, high fever, severe systemic symptoms, particularly the elderly and children should be seen as serious illness, hospital quickly. It is remarkable series of diseases caused by the flu, such as arthritis, myocarditis, nephritis, pneumonia, influenza is often a precursor of secondary disease is more serious than a cold. If the . On the market claim to prevent colds the popular role of health care products and supplements, most of no practical effect. Health Tips 1, in medicine, cold, mostly due to pathogenic wind invasion. But not a single disease generally caused by wind, and often with cold, heat, moisture, heat phase hybrid disease, it is also divided into the cold cold, cold Fengreganmao and Shushi, specific symptoms are as follows: 1) clinical cold cold aversion to cold symptoms of heavy, light fever, no sweat, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose, sound heavy, itchy throat cough, sputum white Qingxi, limb pain, thin white fur and moist, floating pulse. Expelling Xin Wen solution form, Xuanfei and cold. 2) Fengreganmao important clinical symptoms are fever, aversion to light, pharyngeal swelling and pain, cough, yellow sputum, dry mouth, want to drink, the body has sweat Chu, white and dry coating, floating pulse. Expelling Xin Liang solution form, Xuanfei heat. 3) Shushi clinical symptoms of a cold high fever, dizziness, head swelling, heart Fanre, tired body and sweat-free hi drink thirst, when Oue, short yellow urine, yellow greasy tongue coating. Expelling Qingshu solution form, aromatic Huazhuo. 2, should drink more water, food should be light, softer, less greasy to light, refreshing appropriate. High fever, poor appetite, were suitable for liquid food, semi-liquid food, such as rice soup, egg drop soup, bean curd, soy milk and so on. Flu fever, thirst throat, could eat the food cool and juicy, such as lotus root, lily, water chestnuts and so on. 3, the diet should be smaller meals: If the fever has subsided for good appetite, could be replaced by semi-liquid diet, such as noodles soup, chicken broth, Longxumian, small ravioli, floss porridge, liver paste porridge, porridge Danhua. 4, eat more vegetables, fruits and other foods: add nutrients caused by the heat loss, and enhance disease resistance. Vegetables, fruit can promote appetite, help digestion, and can add a lot of the human body needs vitamins and various trace elements. 5, avoid improper diet: improper diet is not only detrimental to the common cold, but also the persistent cold treat. Not eat raw fruits and cold cold cold. Fengreganmao fever period and should avoid using greasy and sweet foods Hunxing; Fengreganmao recovery, not Yi Shi pepper, vinegar, lamb and other hot food Xin; Shushi cold, in addition to avoid fatty, but also avoid salty food such as pickles, salty octopus and so on. 6, prevention of cross infection. Case of respiratory infection a good season, especially autumn and winter, to go out should wear masks; indoor fumigation with vinegar; of patients with respiratory isolation. 7, treatment of common cold 8 major errors: He Cu smell of vinegar, washing sauna, drink ginger syrup, hooded sweat cover, skipping, drinking Quhan, eat or drink. Acute upper respiratory tract infection drugs phenobarbital and stability of glucocorticoid antibiotic ephedrine acyclovir term ribavirin Atlas Atlas more extended reading: 1
exchange network of acute upper respiratory tract infection:
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