Management students have to comprehend the knowled

butterfly effect, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, see law, broken windows methodology, twenty-eight law, barrel theory , Matthew, which is someone you understand?
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of air, said the Amazon rain forest a butterfly wings sometimes vibration, maybe two weeks would be caused by a hurricane in Texas.
butterfly efficacy is namely very small changes in initial conditions continue to amplify behind its future status ambition cause a very big difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such for amplified by the system, then an union, a country is very essential, can not be muddled.

2, frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the boiler, because of its disadvantageous reactions are very emotional environment, will immediately jump out the kettle outdoor. If you put a frog into a kettle of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately bound out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has too late, or that there is no ability to jump out the pot outdoor.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they constantly cause people to attentive, and prone to cause people to decease but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no remove revelation.
3, crocodiles rule: its intent is to suppose that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only direction is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock mall, crocodiles rule is: while you detect yourself trading a departure from the way of the mart, have to stop instantly, without whichever postpone, shall not have whichever fortune.

4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish,Billige Nike Shox, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be small fish found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not die.

5, herding: sheep where apt go, where to go backward the sheep to follow.
herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and imitation phenomenon, the same stock.

6, hedgehogs rule: two slumberous hedgehog, as cold and owned together. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a series of two hedgehog finally found a appropriate distance: either get each other's lukewarm and will not be fastening.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the

7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a table, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not being skillful to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more precise time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in precise time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person alternatively an organization can not use two alter means, can not set two assorted goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously bid, or will the business or private wastage.

8, broken windows theory: a house whether the windows broke, not an to fix, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, whether some of the graffiti has not been cleansed, Soon, the wall covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very wash area, people are embarrassed to catching out the litter, but once on the floor with waste appears, people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel embarrassed .
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and merely a small part, about 20%, Although a great many the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social asset is condensed in the hands of 20%, meantime 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to diagnose, process and see at the issues, business and management to collar the decisive few; to find out who can provide 80% of the profits, but only 20% of the aggregate key buyers to improve services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the assortment analysis, are the principal stamina to solve the cardinal problem, converge on important projects.

10, barrel theory: the combination of the embark if the barrel length of missing, then the tub containing water is not dependent on the longest chip of lumber, but on the shortest piece of wood .
11, Matthew:
sociologists derive from the
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1, the logic
bird cage hanging bird imprison in a pretty apartment, the most famous place, had not a few days, the landlord will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or purchase a bird cage on the behind. This is the logic cage. The process is easy, imagine you are the owner of the room, by the time people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of thinking. So seen in the life and work develop plausible calculating is very important.

2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if only cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly things. A very clean place,Nike Shox OZ, people will be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists learn is the wrong in the end.
everything bad, if I were you stop off at the beginning, the formation of civilization, change can get rid, if the rill bank, a small breach is not timely repair, dams can breakdown, causing the loss of millions of times.
crime is really the result of muddle, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, each day do not kill, wading in the street in roomy sunshine to be scared of. Mention the subway, motorcar filthy, filthy words plastered everywhere, sitting on the metro, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the professors have been in wide daylight, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I speak about Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York city and the metropolis recently raised a lot of reputation, I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can run from the die, to enhance.
So when I went out to meet, met a criminologist, immediately to him for advice, the elemental New York City is the final book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not cozy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to order. Although this approximate was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the government's determination to amend, and found very effective.
police found that people really do not compare the situation in a clean offense, also found that grabbing Riders rewarding, because each of those 7 had a fare evasion was ambitioned, twenty labels have a carry weapons, so Police are willing to catch evasion very seriously, which makes murderers not fare evasion, did not challenge go out with weapons to shirk extra damage than good, escapes scampers the hazard. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to begin, breaking the crime ring junction (fetter), so this vicious wheel can not continue
3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 分, outside an room in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way family from work manslaughter. When she cried in despair: When anything is tranquilize, the killer returned to crime. When she screamed, the beside residents and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at fewest 38 to the window to watch, but no one to liberate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and meditative. It is considered a colossal number of bystanders disregarding the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of duty effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and scrutinize results found that: this phenomenon can not fair mention everyone's heartless, or moral decay of the extravaganza additional. Because on different occasions, deeds of aid that people actually are different. When a person in an emergency position, if it were not for he can cater assist, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, favour to the sufferers. If he refused to produce feelings of crime, sensibilities of guilt, which requires paying a tall psychological cost. If the presence of so numerous people, the responsibility for seeking aid from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few observers and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to generate an How to wreck this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.

4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, jot a writing called In his book, agency personnel unraveled the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be three ways, first is the petition for resignation, the seat give competent people; second is to allow a competent person to facilitate their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most proper. As a result, two ordinary acolyte sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to find an acolyte. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.

5, the halo effect
famous Russian scholastic monster Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a large deal. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks amazing, but with different outlet sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write verse Pushkin peruse to her time. She forever said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a scholastic star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beautiful female is jump to have great knowledge and magnificent persona, whatsoever, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication,Nike Shox R5, people who exhibit the specifics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some older people to juvenile people's individual shortcomings, or dress, habits and hate, they think they must have good for nothing; some youth people a thing about the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual shove and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically interlocked to some individuality or physical characteristics related with, the declaration that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to entire, that bad on always the negate, which is a total domination by the proclivity of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of the halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers by the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social elements and relations of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
premier phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of mushroom or control illumination in the experimental group yields are ascending, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In appending, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the width of everyday and weekly number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not watch a direct shock on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard instructor, focuses on social factors and the relationship among production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is chiefly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone tremendous changes. Participate in the trial of the laborers were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a stuff of care, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so workmen From a social point of view appearances are stimulated to subserve increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get along with others, understand what variety of behavior is approved by students and teachers and appreciation,Nike Shox Monster, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!

7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found later in animal and person studies have been warmhearted discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or engage in other action to avoid the impact the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not rely on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a become to escape electric shock, they become was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, depressed motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is deserving early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated below the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had studied helplessness, has become a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a little and see the real memorabilia behind the determinants do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memories
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective certify, that is his own witness and listen to speak out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
spectator testimony of their positiveness and their proof can not determine the precision of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs judged to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness's memories and the memory of general learning were compared.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the content of the movie in question, and inquired them to acquaint their own level of confidence to answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of popular literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same happened ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has acknowledged the correct response, subjects can fathom themselves. For example, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or almost better than others. However,Nike Shox R4, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the entire, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the incident in hair color better or aggravate.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a noted experiment. Them to a primary referendum in the 3 sixth grade classes of babies production a fuss of the In fact, this list is not determined according to test results, merely randomly selected. It is based on Eight months after, comprehension tests and found afresh on the list of the common improvement in student finishing, instructors also gave them agreeable moral conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, it is thought by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that instructors anticipate students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, understood as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the king of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his final lust to make this sculpture into a real person, the 2 care for).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a duration of time, students feel the teachers concern, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers, towards knowledge and towards their operations, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive enthusiasm, these students often expect teachers to acquire progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, discriminated opposition students from the teacher's speech over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions,Nike Shox Menn, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the fear for teachers.

10, false share discrepancy (false accordance bias)
we ordinarily believe that our adore is the same with maximum folk. If you like to melodrama microcomputer games, then it is likely to overestimate the number of folk like computer games. You will ordinarily overestimate the students to vote as their preference mathematics, overestimate their own group's prestige and leading, and so above. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same favorite number of traits is shrieked the Some factors that may affect your share of this artificial prejudice strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than inner attribution;
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that when;
(4) When your status hardly everme kind of natural life and learning are intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a positive the quality or personality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.