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328526 2010 年 08 月 12 日 04:08 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Personal Diary
Our psychologists usually a period of time according to the individual with the common, typical of the psychological characteristics and leading activities, the individual's psychological development is divided into eight stages. The suckling period (0-1 years); infants (1-3 years); early childhood (3-6,7 years); childhood (6,7 years old -11,12 years); adolescence (11,12 -14,15 years old); adolescence (14-15 years old -25 years old); adulthood (25-65 years); old age (65 years of age.)
early childhood, also known as school-age. This is the basis for the development of one's life time, but also the most vigorous growth, changes in the fastest, most flexibility, the best time to education. First grade is the initial stage of a person to learn, good or bad the quality of learning at this stage, the child's life has immeasurable impact. Children from kindergarten into first grade of primary school children, this is the road of life a big turning point. To protect the main nursery education, the teacher aunt attentive care, children games to play. Many children access to knowledge through games and physical, etc., easy to learn. After entering the first grade, every day on the six or seven classes, and classes focused thinking required, in addition, must comply with school discipline school rules, many things have to be a child alone. As a parent, do a good job at this stage of the child's education and guidance, children quickly adapt to the new environment is very important.
(a) the preparation of children before school.
1, psychologically prepared.
Zhang distraught aunt these days, her son had just entered primary school first grade school a few days yet, it seems a bit depressed.
this September, for those who left the kindergarten children entering primary school classroom, the number with a new and exciting. When the novelty faded, the new environment brought these six-year-old children, and perhaps more of a discomfort and loss.
Although the physiological weaning already spent, but just entered first grade children, the new environment, how to complete a real psychological Parents and teachers should give children what kind of help?
spiritual parents to the children create a sense of freshness and curiosity so that they desire to come to school earlier that day, happy to start a new learning experience. School, parents may be the child that you grow up, carrying a school bag to school, after school you can join the Young Pioneers, wear a red scarf, it is very glorious; you can acquire knowledge, master skills and become useful people. If parents have the time, but also for taking the time to go to school children to the school he will see by visiting the campus and saw some students here to study class, let him have this basic understanding of the school. If parents have learned in this school can introduce you to the children sat in the classroom, where the oath into the team, table tennis, basketball, football and other games do the site, tell him what the school has undergone changes ... ...
addition, you can visit is that the kids were school children of neighbors or relatives, ask them to talk about in school, life, in particular, students can visit to learn better, so that children are very envious of them. In short, parents want their children to create a spiritual sense of freshness and curiosity so that they are eager to come to school earlier that day, happy to start a new learning experience.
(2) habits of education, which is the first function
Although primary school is the child
important turning point in life, but out of touch the current convergence of kindergarten and primary school, children lack the relevant pre-adaptive training, access to post-primary schools often suffer from psychological tension, difficulty concentrating, lack of interest in learning and so on. First year students in adjusting to life in primary schools is caused by the next important reason for learning difficulties.
the education of the habits of education, the first function, but it is precisely the most vulnerable to neglect and omission. Right now the kindergarten and lower primary concern is bilingual education, arts education, these so-called specialty education and elite education, so much talent the children overnight.
many freshmen are accustomed to play-based nursery teaching methods, not suited to primary knowledge-based teaching methods; accustomed to free activities, not suited to the discipline of the classroom and more learning requirements; habits Aunt meticulous care in the nursery sense and does not meet relatively autonomous, independent primary school life, so they go to school for some time, still reluctant to kindergarten life.
Professor Huck Germany
more detailed view, in his view, from kindergarten to primary school, conversion is not only a learning environment, including teachers, friends, behavior norms and role expectations and other factors change. He pointed out that based on observation and research, in the convergence phase of kindergarten and primary school children, there is often a learning environment, learning style, social structure, six fault problem. Children enrolled, left the kindergarten teachers in this Was taken for granted in the kindergarten individual requirements, at the primary school is no longer taken seriously. After elementary school children, must learn to correctly understand themselves into the collective, their past will gradually be rational and emotional rules control. These faults make Germany 30% of pupils are not suited to the phenomenon, leading to low interest in learning, fear, anxiety and aggressive behavior and strong.
The importance of habit. Ye Shengtao famous educator once said:
children experience a transitional period of growth, on the parents is also an educational transition. Ms. Lee's daughter is in third grade, but did talk about the first grade, when her daughter entered primary school, she worked out a set of their own experience also relish.
1, time to arrange their own
in the eyes of many friends, Ms. Lee can be regarded as a Like other children, Ms. Lee's daughter has a bad habit of procrastination homework, read, read to the refrigerator will find snacks to eat, or go to the living room watching TV; even saw her sitting quietly with homework, carefully observe the child was found a daze.
ago, Ms. Lee has been winded: Lack of awareness of the child, parents need to supervise and urge the need to press and verbal abuse, this is the logic of most parents.
this logic is not wrong, but Ms. Lee did not want to scold a child,
designer handbags replica, she would like to urge and blame should not be the best approach. Then, one day, she found a note, use a pen to it divided into 24 parts, and then told her, on behalf of each equal parts an hour to eat, sleep, after removing the time, there is swimming, playing piano, and the remaining time is limited, so also one or two hours doing homework; if not completed in this two-hour operation, it would inevitably diverted to other recreational time.
Sidongfeidong daughter nodded. The first night, my daughter began to concentrate on homework compared, although it occasionally lost its To 10 pm, which is the time to go to bed, the children frowned, would like to continue and finish your homework. Ms. Lee's daughter, but no reasonable request, ordered her to go to bed: bar.
Ms. Lee did not want to affect her job because the next day to catch the learning state,
burberry outlet, and the greater significance is that she let her daughter know that the length of time is limited, arrange a time to learn and improve efficiency in the use of time ; dragging the consequences only by themselves.
be criticized is inescapable. With the pressure, his daughter from his heart tightened the string, then do not dawdle the homework. Later on, after school, her first library job done yourself to go home.
2, operating their own checks
your child to hurry and speed up the rate of homework is one thing, but it is not also a lot of mistakes? School teacher asked the children to get parents to sign after the job is completed. At first, Ms. Lee will work seriously to help her daughter to see how well done, but also very carefully and worked to help her to rectify the error. Was I, her daughter's work in this are A, A +. To the later, Ms. Lee said to her daughter, her mother is only responsible for checking the signature after you have completed, as there is no wrong job, to you to check it!
without the supervision of her mother, the daughter of the operation of the gradual emergence of B, even C, for these results, the daughter of a start to feel very aggrieved. But my mother that this is the case for a true reflection of teaching; and more importantly, enable students to develop responsibility, not to work as a task, but someone else's task. Slowly, she also learned the work yourself, your check, error correction.
3, bag your order
when just last year, the children's school bags all of a sudden drum up: language, mathematics, natural sciences, and other information on a variety of counseling, so many books to children every day, with which the textbooks to worry about. Once the textbooks fall at home, the children will call home and the nanny: Aunt Lee
nanny for the children do not want to run errands. The first two days, she helped her daughter finishing school bags; Later, she let her own pack, what means what means that, down the things that are not allowed to call home to Aunt belt. Not to rely on the
for the ? Lee's educational practice from a case of view, from the pack bag to do the work, taken by her is
(b) to overcome the
in a parent class, education, the parents of psychological experts to ask a question here: If you find a child always a mistake, or to use a formula for what will you do when unskilled? Answer this question most parents said that to increase to give the child exercises, repeat the exercise in increasing the child's memory.
experts parents answer is no. The reasons are: a child a mistake, do not apply the formula is not a lack of mechanical memory error, but a lack of understanding of what they learn. When the error after repeated thousands of times it is still wrong, wrong to interfere with a correct understanding of strengthening the construction. And to keep kids in the endless exercise, passive learning experience, boring, helpless. Academic performance in the doldrums, and is proportional to the time spent can not be shaped, in the context of continuing frustration and low self-learning ability produced negative evaluation. Who is willing to face such an evaluation? Children to escape a direct action learning, avoidance learning can get rid of this assessment.
why parents would invariably choose to increase the amount of exercise as a means of reinforcement learning? First, the understanding with the parents to learn about. Many parents think that is declarative knowledge, learning is out of the textbooks on the state of knowledge in mind. Therefore require that children learn over and over again to enhance memory in order to be able to remember in the exam has learned the knowledge, get high scores. Second is to strengthen the memory of the parents is much easier than meaningful learning. Meaningful learning requires parents to be understanding of children's learning to explore, find out the child does not understand the point of knowledge, inspired to lead the children to understand the knowledge, a sense of understanding to improve the child. Can do this, requiring the parents to have a higher learning capacity and ability to explore, but also have the patience and sense of responsibility, to invest time and energy to discuss issues with their children. More pressure in their work the objective conditions of life, most parents can easily select the children's education the easy way, but this method of learning objective will be denied the particularity of the individual, simply as a good learning bad investment of time and the children only subjective factors at work, ignoring the reality of objective factors of learning. Children experience learning the boring one hand, and fatigue, on the other hand do not study hard but also carry the offense, the long, lost interest in learning, really produced weary.
age stage in learning is the task of learning, every day is the social environment in which the primary schools, exchanges of personnel is the teacher and students, who do not want to live in the main places to experience success? Who would not be remarkable in the face of peer self-expression? Decline in academic performance for each student is not willing, they will be anxious for this purpose. They want parents to support and effective assistance, in front of their classmates to re-establish self-esteem. If parents can help students carefully at this moment of difficulty learning to help them understand that understanding never put forward reasonable suggestions on learning and help them put into practice, from the psychological support them to learn to stabilize their emotions to overcome learning difficulties, gradually moving towards success. Learning achievement of self-worth caused by realization of individual will continue to strive for the realization of self-worth struggling. Where there are
(c) social emotional development
First, the development of self-consciousness - self-concept and self-esteem
enter elementary school, because the pressure of examinations, Children's first real opportunity to compare with others, adults must give children the opportunity to experience success, confident, and maintain enthusiasm and creativity. However, the ability to do high and low strength of the other, children 3 years of age, self-conscious stage of development into the social self. They believe in the gradual transition to adult self-evaluation of the independent evaluation, the independence of self-evaluation, in principle, critical is developing rapidly. When the study of poor students will never become a star of the class when, how they view the value of learning, in addition to teachers, parents also have an important role. Pitfalls in disciplining the child several mistakes, Example:
the child's parents as a freshman to understand this phase of the general characteristics of child development, the correct interpretation of their child's behavior, performance is necessary. When children were young, the parents must be very concerned he is not the long teeth, walk, talk. Now, school children, parents began to care about his development is not able to keep up with the others? In fact, each child is not entirely the same, like some people will walk ten months, some people have to slow to a year and a half. As long as the overall look healthy and normal child, do not have to because of one or two differences and too much worry. Second grade primary school children in the development phase of the general characteristics of what it? For parents to provide the following information:
1, slow but steady growth.
2, early maturing girls than boys.
3, susceptible to disease.
4, because of excess energy, there is little time to rest.
5, love running, jumping, rope skipping, make model, play the game.
6, many of the issues raised would be curious to ask their parents or teachers to answer.
7, short attention span, attention to the activities required for a long time easy to show restless.
8, love to draw and color, you can play or work alone.
9, the children play with the neighbor, the development of small group play.
10,
chanel bags, for imaginative, easily understood fear.
11, need for adult attention and love, expressed jealousy.
12, from the adult's attitude, language or facial expressions to distinguish right and wrong of things that are commendable thing is right, the blame is the wrong thing.
parents understand these characteristics, on this basis, many opportunities for children to encourage children to help children brave attempt, when the child has, after several successful experience, we can maintain the creativity and enthusiasm.
Second, the social development - peer interaction
the lives of children in peer interaction is an important part of social peer interaction for children , social cognition, emotional self-concept of personality, health, development of unique value, to guide them through positive peer interaction for better development, so that a system of peer interaction of children's supplementary education.
learned from the family first contacts started in the family not to let children develop all the self-centered habits. Now the family are mostly one-child families, the children have no brothers or sisters, so often happens with older people, the lack of horizontal relationships between people of the same. Children accustomed to adult on his modesty, what are his ideas around the turn of the practice. Often the parents argued that the performance of their children at home is very outgoing, articulate, once out of the family, it becomes weak. A What the child made the request, according to the child or adult concessions. He did not learn was how to deal with people rejected, all others used to obey him. Go to society, he still to this mode of thinking with others, others do not obey him, he does not know how to do it, or that kind of use in the home Sapo, shamelessly and arrogantly unreasonable way , can not stand the role, even to fellow offensive, then repeated setbacks in the exchanges will become more and more weak.
some families of children asked not to be taken into account, only the use of parental authority, children only know to follow. This way out of the education of children, do not know how to express their own ideas, how to maintain their rights, in his contacts to easily partner ignored.
above two educational methods are not conducive to children learning social interaction. The family is society's practice to place the child, a child's family experience in the formation of the error misleading, so let the child become popular were the first start from the family.
was the attitude of the parents had been investigated, in the attitude of children dating 10 questions were designed the same, according to the parents of 10 questions, divided into three categories of its attitude that encourages type, intervention type and restrictive. 70% to 80% of the parents of the child encouragement from friends, about 65% to 82% of parents who limit attitude, the attitude of the parents who interfere with a relatively small, but about 50%, in fact, many families on the child's friends not simply an attitude, but cross-cutting. Through correlation analysis revealed that parents who encourage their children make friends with the pro-and needs-based approach is a significant positive correlation, which means that parents encourage their children's behavior more friends, the child's parents and the needs of the more intense.
children to live in groups, this group have their own patterns of behavior that they have their own joy, sorrow, their secret is that children with friends have been out of sight of their parents began to go its own way start, but if the parents want their children to remain stubborn in their designated trajectories go, it may hinder the process of growth of children. A significant proportion of parents fear their children out of danger outside, limiting contact with children and the outside world will lead to the emergence of various quirks of the child, made the day less withdrawn, self-esteem of children harm, a serious psychological shift, resulting in Parents should create conditions for the exchanges of children, as long as conditions allow the opportunity to let children participate in group activities should be as long as asked about matters in advance, parents encourage children to communication is useful.
parents help children learn to make friends with a simple proposal: (1) at family gatherings, networking gatherings, children and neighbors to promote friendship between children and parents to communicate; (2) the use of holidays to places with more children, When children can not integrate into small groups, parents should act as a Parents the right communication method can set an example for the children; (5) books read in conjunction with friends, learn communication skills. (6) to help children establish harmonious interpersonal relationships
into the new school, faced with various types of new partners, good interpersonal relationships, allows children to feel happy school life. How to help children establish harmonious interpersonal relationships it?
1, to encourage children to always smiling.
2, appearance, clothing neat and clean.
3, within its ability to encourage more children to help others.
4, more than say hello to students, say hello, and praise the advantages of others.
5, others have credit in good faith, do not cheat, do not make fun of classmates.
6, to encourage children to invite neighborhood children or students to play at home.
7, does not replace the child deal with the conflicts between the students and guide their children feel each other's experiences and ideas, identify the causes and ways to resolve conflicts.
Third, the development of personality - a sense of inferiority
hard Eriksson theory is that children's personality development is an evolving process, 8 in order to go through the same stage, where the first five stages of development and education of children belonging to the period. Each stage has a biological maturity and social and cultural environment, social conflicts and contradictions between the expectations of the decision development crisis. Successful and rational solution to the crisis or conflict at every stage of the individual will actively participate in the formation of personality characteristics, the development of healthy personality.
6-11 year-old sense of the development task is to train hard. This period, the vast majority of children have entered school for the first time and expect the community to give him complete his social mission. During this period, children begin to prove that they have grown up. In fact, this stage is often referred to as When they seek to obtain work is completed by a sense of accomplishment and achievements of teachers brought recognition and praise. With the ability to focus on growing children, they can select the tasks take longer, and are willing to complete this task. If the children in learning, games and other activities by adults continue to make achievements and rewards, children will be successful, awards honor, cultivate optimism, enterprise and hard work of the personality; the other hand, if the education is not enough and many times wrong or effort suffered a setback , achieved by ignoring or child easy to form an inferiority complex.
first positive evaluation to their children, for foster children's self-confidence is also very significant. Positive evaluation of the child, he would look at their own positive and treat others.
When children occasionally make mistakes, parents can not just verbal abuse, should also be firm and serious wrong with telling kids, do not make such a mistake where the benefits. This positive attitude and the way education will trigger the child's self-awareness, change their wrongdoing.
Second, to cultivate children through a number of small independent capacity.
newly enrolled children, due to low levels of literacy, school 2 to 3 weeks, parents can help him manage its bag to remind him the next day need to bring the goods. Three weeks later, parents can guide their children how to stand aside management bags, for example: teaching children the next day to the book, paper management together into a plastic bag, and other books of various subjects classified as sub-files, scissors, glue, short rope and the like, can be placed side pockets in the bag, so as not to contaminate the other books. A half months later, parents can completely let go and let them do so. Some parents, the child's independent ability to estimate too low, do not trust the child, the child saw the poor management bags, school bags too slow or reason to simply do the job. Over time, often arranged by the parents of all children, no easy to become assertive, always and everywhere have to depend on parents. Thus, parents can teach, but not pre-empt.
At this point the problems begin
then repeat it again, as parents will only choose to increase your amount of exercise it?
(c) social emotional development
First, the development of self-consciousness - self-concept and self-esteem
enter elementary school, because the pressure of examinations, Children's first real opportunity to compare with others, adults must give children the opportunity to experience success, confident, and maintain enthusiasm and creativity. However, the ability to do high and low strength of the other, children 3 years of age, self-conscious stage of development into the social self. They believe in the gradual transition to adult self-evaluation of the independent evaluation, the independence of self-evaluation, in principle, critical is developing rapidly. When the study of poor students will never become a star of the class when, how they view the value of learning, in addition to teachers, parents also have an important role. Pitfalls in disciplining the child several mistakes, Example:
the child's parents as a freshman to understand this phase of the general characteristics of child development, the correct interpretation of their child's behavior, performance is necessary. When children were young, the parents must be very concerned he is not the long teeth, walk, talk. Now, school children, parents began to care about his development is not able to keep up with the others? In fact, each child is not entirely the same, like some people will walk ten months, some people have to slow to a year and a half. As long as the overall look healthy and normal child, do not have to because of one or two differences and too much worry. Second grade primary school children in the development phase of the general characteristics of what it? For parents to provide the following information:
1, slow but steady growth.
2, early maturing girls than boys.
3, susceptible to disease.
4, because of excess energy, there is little time to rest.
5, love running, jumping, rope skipping, make model, play the game.
6, many of the issues raised would be curious to ask their parents or teachers to answer.
7, short attention span, attention to the activities required for a long time easy to show restless.
8, love to draw and color, you can play or work alone.
9, the children play with the neighbor, the development of small group play.
10, for imaginative, easily understood fear.
11, need for adult attention and love, expressed jealousy.
12, from the adult's attitude, language or facial expressions to distinguish right and wrong of things that are commendable thing is right, the blame is the wrong thing.
parents understand these characteristics, on this basis, many opportunities for children to encourage children to help children brave attempt, when the child has, after several successful experience, we can maintain the creativity and enthusiasm.
Second, the social development - peer interaction
the lives of children in peer interaction is an important part of social peer interaction for children , social cognition, emotional self-concept of personality, health, development of unique value, to guide them through positive peer interaction for better development, so that a system of peer interaction of children's supplementary education.
learned from the family first contacts started in the family not to let children develop all the self-centered habits. Now the family are mostly one-child families, the children have no brothers or sisters, so often happens with older people, the lack of horizontal relationships between people of the same. Children accustomed to adult on his modesty, what are his ideas around the turn of the practice. Often the parents argued that the performance of their children at home is very outgoing, articulate, once out of the family, it becomes weak. A What the child made the request, according to the child or adult concessions. He did not learn was how to deal with people rejected,
designer handbags, all others used to obey him. Go to society, he still to this mode of thinking with others, others do not obey him, he does not know how to do it, or that kind of use in the home Sapo, shamelessly and arrogantly unreasonable way , can not stand the role, even to fellow offensive, then repeated setbacks in the exchanges will become more and more weak.
some families of children asked not to be taken into account, only the use of parental authority, children only know to follow. This way out of the education of children, do not know how to express their own ideas,
prada bags, how to maintain their rights, in his contacts to easily partner ignored.
above two educational methods are not conducive to children learning social interaction. The family is society's practice to place the child, a child's family experience in the formation of the error misleading, so let the child become popular were the first start from the family.
was the attitude of the parents had been investigated, in the attitude of children dating 10 questions were designed the same, according to the parents of 10 questions, divided into three categories of its attitude that encourages type, intervention type and restrictive. 70% to 80% of the parents of the child encouragement from friends, about 65% to 82% of parents who limit attitude, the attitude of the parents who interfere with a relatively small, but about 50%, in fact, many families on the child's friends not simply an attitude, but cross-cutting. Through correlation analysis revealed that parents who encourage their children make friends with the pro-and needs-based approach is a significant positive correlation, which means that parents encourage their children's behavior more friends, the child's parents and the needs of the more intense.
children to live in groups, this group have their own patterns of behavior that they have their own joy, sorrow, their secret is that children with friends have been out of sight of their parents began to go its own way start, but if the parents want their children to remain stubborn in their designated trajectories go, it may hinder the process of growth of children. A significant proportion of parents fear their children out of danger outside, limiting contact with children and the outside world will lead to the emergence of various quirks of the child, made the day less withdrawn, self-esteem of children harm, a serious psychological shift, resulting in Parents should create conditions for the exchanges of children, as long as conditions allow the opportunity to let children participate in group activities should be as long as asked about matters in advance,
gucci handbags sale, parents encourage children to communication is useful.
parents help children learn to make friends with a simple proposal: (1) at family gatherings, networking gatherings, children and neighbors to promote friendship between children and parents to communicate; (2) the use of holidays to places with more children, When children can not integrate into small groups, parents should act as a Parents the right communication method can set an example for the children; (5) books read in conjunction with friends, learn communication skills.
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