Basic knowledge of highway engi virtuemart templat

Preparation of construction cost, generally refers to the preparation of various documents for the proposed project cost price of pre-measured and defined process. According to the preparation phase, prepared on the basis, and the preparation of the different purposes, can be divided into estimates of investment projects, design estimates, construction budgets, bidding and bidding, construction budget, project balance sheet, final account and so on.

1, Investment estimation:

investment is estimated in the project proposal and feasibility study stage, commissioned by the construction unit or an advisory body to the project proposal, pre-measure and determine the investment process.

investment estimation decision-making, financing and the main basis for cost control.

2, the design budget

design estimates are an important part of design documents, is under the control of prestashop investment estimate based on preliminary design by the design unit (or technical design) drawings and show that and equipment market price information on the preparation prestashop construction of identified projects from planning to delivery of the full cost of the required documents. General terms, in accordance with design requirements of the project cost prestashop the approximate calculation.

preliminary estimate is the maximum amount of project investment.

3, Construction Budget

Construction Budget is by design units in the construction is completed, according to construction plans, the existing , machinery, equipment, budget preparation and to determine the price of construction and installation cost of the technical and economic documents.

Construction Budget should be controlled to determine the cost of the design within budget, and shall not exceed the budget estimates.

into preliminary design survey, design, technical design and construction design of three,virtuemart template, so there is a stage, two stage and three-stage design points. The so-called stage design, in accordance with the approved feasibility study report to be measured, the preparation of construction drawing documentation; two-stage design is based on the approved feasibility study report, after the initial test, preparation of preliminary design documents, according to the preliminary approval test set design documents, the preparation of construction drawings and design documents; three-stage design is in the preliminary design and construction design of a technology between the increase in design, its purpose is to solve the technical complexity and lack of experience in construction project design issues.

4, the bidding price

bidding price is the bidding phase of the project, prepared by the construction unit base bid, prepare the tender offer bid units, and ultimately determine the contract price.

5, the construction budget

construction budget is the construction enterprises in the project implementation phase, fixed according to the construction (or work quotas and Material Consumption, Jixietaiban use fixed), engineering construction design, construction program and project costs and other technical measures information, computing and engineering to determine the required completion of a unit of labor, materials, consumption and the corresponding costs Jixietaiban economic documents.

6, project settlement

project settlement is the contractor in the project implementation process, according to contract provisions relating to payment terms and completion of the project volume, and in accordance with the procedure to the construction unit (the owner) to receive a contract price economic activity. Project Settlement is the actual price of the project is to pay the contract price basis.

7, completion of final accounts

final completion of the project is the completion and acceptance of the project delivery phase, prepared by the construction unit construction project from planning to completion and acceptance of, the whole process of delivery of all construction costs actually paid. Final account is the final price of construction projects, the construction unit of the financial sector as a summary of the main basis of fixed assets.

II, columns projects

(1), construction preparation

concrete bored piles at a certain intensity, the cutting of access to the cap column on the column part of the surface layer of loose concrete, and rinse with a water gun.

(2), construction stakeout

column of bored piles on the release of the center coordinates, set the column's vertical and horizontal line control pile, strict control to prevent the deviation.

(3), steel banding

pile by pouring some of bored piles then have embedded steel column from time to time, so the steel columns in the construction and steel banding when you can just order and setting out the edges under the column reinprestashopced inspection and calibration of the protective layer thickness .

(4), the template processing and installation

1, the template processing: template shape using steel frame, single lateral mode from the two pieces held together, no one lateral side of each joint, surface roughness and geometry are in line with regulatory requirements. Template in each installation prior to blasting and brushing quality release agent.

2, template installation: The installation will use the template hoisting block, and then assembled shape.

3, templates fixed: drilling template at the bottom of piles by pouring steel embedded in the Φ25 to locate fixed between two columns with a fixed length of stay in the square wooden template to prevent the pouring of concrete when template shift.

4, sealing the template: when assembling each side form the template of a 5mm thick sandwiched between foam section, and then send the template after the fixed knife to cut out the template drilled into the exposed sponge, template the bottom of the seams sealed with cement mortar. Concrete pouring to prevent leakage due to joints caused by water leakage running sand slurry and the appearance of the phenomenon affecting the quality of concrete.

(5), concrete pouring

1, concrete pouring before check template thickness and reinforcement of the stability of the template, and debris clean-up template. The temperature is high during the construction, steel template at high temperature, we will look flush to the template using water cooling to prevent water evaporation concrete pouring too fast due to the appearance of the final concrete quality.

2, using self-mixed concrete Concrete, concrete mixing plant under construction by the ratio of concentration with mixing, with the concrete mixer truck shipped to the site, and then pumped into a fixed pump mode. Column height due to the higher and more dense column in the stirrup,prestashop, such as concrete directly from the top of the template from falling into the mold will produce more serious impact of segregation and the concrete quality. Therefore, a string of our special cylinder, concrete cylinder reach the bottom of the string, to avoid segregation of concrete produced. Pouring a certain height, with the gradual dismantling of cranes string tube.

3, concrete pouring stratified, each layer thickness control in the 40 ~ 50cm, the vibrating rod is also well marked, so that the thickness of vibration when the vibration control. In the concrete pouring process, sent check the template changes, timely detection of problems solved in time.

4, poured in place, should be excluded from the top of concrete water, top of the concrete before the initial setting of concrete (about 40cm thick) for revival, to ensure the top of the concrete density and reduce air bubbles. High temperature should be covered in a timely manner to prevent direct sunlight sprinkler geotextiles.

(6), Concrete Curing

revival in the concrete after the geotextile cover the time prestashop with regular watering to maintain frequent wet geotextiles, such as the hot weaprestashopr outside should always flush to the template, a template cooling to prevent overheating caused by concrete template dehydration.

began in concrete form removal reaches a certain strength, form removal time, depending on temperature conditions. Generally above 20 ℃ the form removal after 24 hours, 20 ℃ for 48 hours before the following form removal is. Form removal should pay special attention to prevent damage the column's edges and surfaces after form removal should be carried out regularly on the column sprinkler maintenance, maintenance time of not less than 7 days.

(7), column construction points to note

1, the template used before, should be patchwork, interface height acceptance. If discrepancies should be polished, polishing, flat seams sponge inlay embedded reality. Thin and uniform release agent, does not allow drop of oil to prevent concrete surface, the presence of oil.

2, column template letters in real time under mortar, mortar should be poured only after a certain strength in order to avoid leakage of slurry.

3, when the concrete vibrator, vibrator rod to avoid collision template, steel, and templates to keep the distance between 5 ~ 10cm. vibrating rod insertion point should be uniprestashopm, prestashop mobile space should not exceed the radius of its role 1.5 times, and do

4, catchy concrete columns strengthened revival, and in capitals to be under water within 30 cm.

5, strict control of concrete slump of 12-16 cm.

6, the bottom of the first set, concrete pouring, the pouring of concrete pipes height of not more than 1 meter.

7, the temperature is very appropriate during construction, attention to concrete curing.

(8), column flow chart of the construction

Third, capping beam works

(1), construction for a certain strength of concrete in the column, the chisel to the top of the loose concrete column, and rinse with a water gun.

(2), construction stakeout (capping beam positioning)

column according to the center coordinates, using the control point of the column set the center of each pier, which emit transverse to the axis. Then set the angle between the longitudinal axis line. The vertical and horizontal center line and two columns, cap beam to accurately determine the end of model plane location. According to the design elevation of the top column set column corresponding to each pier cap beam bottom elevation. Report to the supervising engineer for review, after passing into the next process of the construction.

(3), steel banding steel banding carefully check the drawings before, check the steel variety, size, number of dimensions. Processing zones in the processing of monolithic reinforced steel skeleton. Strictly control the location of the point from the bent and welded wire welding quality. Transported to the column in the next processing area, by the crane hoisting, in the bottom mold banding on the steel skeleton shape. With special plastic pad to ensure the protection layer thickness. And approved by the supervising engineer before entering the examination the next step.

(4), the template processing and installation

1, the end of the template: the construction in the column after the end of each column from the top of the column at 47cm away from the folder at a steel ferrule, steel hoops and the column diameter the same diameter, easy to both sides of the fixed width of 40cm cattle legs, hold 28 # on the I-beam bracket, the 10 # on the vertical channel uniform grid spacing of about 30cm. Planks laid on the 7cm, 2cm laid on bamboo as its base model. Because it is embedded by the end of the column customized template, so it can not only bear the cap beam (or sets caps) weight and construction of vertical load, lateral force and can withstand a certain degree, be without additional reinforcement.

2, side of the template and the head template: a template using a large area of ​​lateral shape steel frame, each side without a seam, both sides of the head are the entire steel template, and the stringent requirements of surface roughness geometry are in line with regulatory requirements. In each installation prior to blasting and Stripping Brush oil, mold release oil can not be used generally oil, based on our past experience, will use the rag to wipe a slight dip in salad oil. Lateral mode in supporting legislation before the beam with the cover (or sets caps) precast concrete with a wide shot on the template pre-set upper and lower joints and other parts of the steel skeleton inside the corresponding template splicing after the end of the bolt adjacent to the template are used Next, head board and used to form the framework. Templates folder in the side to strengthen the bar on both sides (with Bailey), up and down outside the side mode on the bolt with screws.

3, template seal: when assembling the side adjacent to the template module sandwiched between a 5cm-thick sponge, the sponge is slightly narrower than the width of the exposed joint surface, the end of the gap between the template and the column sealed with cement mortar. Concrete pouring to prevent leakage due to joints caused by water leakage running sand slurry and the appearance of the phenomenon affecting the quality of concrete.

(5), concrete pouring

1, concrete pouring before check template thickness and reinforcement of the stability of the template, and debris clean-up template.

2, according to the construction of concrete from the mixing plant with mixing ratio of concentration, transported to the site with concrete truck, prestashop then pumped into a fixed pump mode. Cover the outlet of prestashop pump beam as close as possible (or sets cap) steel surface, to avoid concrete segregation caused by the larger gap.

3, because of cap beam (or sets caps) reinforced dense, operative operation should seriously and carefully vibrator. Concrete pouring stratified, each layer of about 30cm thickness control in the vibrating bar is also well marked in order to control the vibration when the thickness of the vibrator, vibrator should be no leakage of vibration, but vibration. In the concrete pouring process, sent check the template changes, timely detection of problems solved in time.

4, Pouring in place, should be excluded from the top of concrete water, top of the concrete before the initial setting of concrete (about 40cm thick) for revival, to ensure the top of the concrete density and reduce air bubbles. In the hot season in time to prevent the sprinkler cover geotextile sun.

5, after the revival in the concrete with a geotextile cover the timely and regular watering to maintain frequent wet concrete, such as the hot weather outside should always flush to the template, a template cooling to prevent overheating caused by template Concrete dehydration.

(6), concrete curing and form removal

after the final setting in concrete, timely coverage of geotextiles on the conservation watering. When regular maintenance to keep wet concrete as the standard curing time of not less than 7 days. After a certain strength in the concrete (usually in the first 2 days after concrete pouring) Remove template. The appearance of the size, the center deviation detection, the top elevation design requirements retest all reached after the complete inspection data, inspection and supervision engineers report and sign recognition.

(7), capping beam construction flow chart