Insects are invertebrate animals in the Arthropoda Insecta animals, all living species and the largest number in the group, is the world's most prosperous of the animals have been found more than 100 million. The basic feature is the body is three sections of the head, thorax, abdomen, two pairs of wings and three pairs of feet; 1 to reach the head of Health and bones wrapped in the body outside; life forms varied, busy family around the world. The structure is different from vertebrates, insects, their body does not support the bones, wrapped in a layer of the chitin (English chitin) constitute the shell. This layer of shell section to facilitate the movement would be as if the knight armor. Insects in the ecosystem plays a very important role. Insect flowers need the help of insects to spread pollen. The bees collect honey, but also people like the food.
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Introduction to beneficial insects and pest insects, insect Insecta insect development and reproduction of species of insects living habits of the insect respiratory organs of insects and harmful insects benefit the most prosperous of the biological reasons for animal groups naming and type specimens of insects and how to identify the relationship between human beings and the smallest insect the largest insect in the world's longest insect insect world, China has many species of insects insects Know where edible insects living in the sound principles of insect insect Other uses of insects commonly known as Chinese painters insects Introduction About the book information
insects
About Entries in insect: Insects alphabet: kūn chong basic interpretation of [insect] arthropods are Insecta. Body divided into head, thorax, abdomen three parts, usually two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs, wings and feet are all in the chest, the body section by a series of body composition, is an arthropod in most species. Detailed explanation of insects collectively. Notes on June 13 the Soviet Union flies, silkworms, butterflies, etc., do not complete metamorphosis through the egg, nymph, adult three stages, such as aphids and so on. Insects are usually small to tiny invertebrates, is the most important member of the arthropod. They hope to stay in Australia during the evolution of discipline, and to the Carboniferous period there appeared a large seventy centimeters away from the dragonfly wings. Today they are still quite a thriving population, has more than 1.2 million species. Insects are arthropods, they have a hard protective exoskeleton and six jointed pereiopod. The earth at least 500 million different kinds of insects. These include beetles, cockroaches, wasps, ants, bees, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies and so on. Beneficial insects and pest insects: 1. The production of aphids and other crimes against humanity 2. Endanger human life, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes and other beneficial insects: good for production and life of bees, praying mantis, dragonflies and other aphids are a pest, most of the crop damage and ornamental plants. Beneficial insects and pests is a relative term, beneficial insects will do something harmful to humans, beneficial insects will do, but the extent may vary. Such as: ants are pests. 45% of that is because ants crawling always chaos in the human food, eating disorder, not health. Ants are beneficial insects. 20%, it was the ants eat the ice good for health, for some patients to help rule sequence. Insecta Arthropoda Insecta, the largest not only a key link in the animal kingdom is the largest one outline. And plants (including bacteria) and about 335,000 kinds of known species is the only insect species in the 1 / 3. To know the exact number of species of insects is difficult, because taxonomists are continuing to discover new species, for example, according to statistics, Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies) to 1931, only 8 million species, 1934 to 10 kinds, 1942 to reach 14 million. Insecta is the largest project Coleoptera, species more than 25 million species, of which went so far as a total number to 60,000 kinds of families around. Not only are many kinds of insects, and the number of individuals of the same species is also very alarming. An ant colony can be up to 500,000 individuals. It has been estimated that the number of the ants may be more than the total number of all other insects. Wheat midge era of big disasters are 25.92 million mu of land as much. A tree can have aphids into 10 million individuals. Per square meter in hardwood forests where the soil can have 100,000 in Collembola. Surface of the wide distribution of insects, no other classes of animals can be compared, almost all over the entire planet. From the equator to the poles, from the sea, rivers to the desert, up to the roof of the world - Mount Everest, down to the soil a few meters deep, has the presence of insects. This broad distribution, indicating that insects have amazing ability to adapt, but also the ecological basis for a wide variety of insects. Insecta Coleoptera is the first large projects, known as the There are more than 330,000 kinds of species, accounting for 40% of the total number of insects. Recorded in China more than 7,000 species. They were horny forewings, hard, no veins, called Exoskeleton developed, hard body, so to protect the internal organs. Great changes in size. Adaptability of these insects. Have chewing mouthparts, a broad diet: is divided into herbivores - A variety of leaf, flower beetles, predatory - step A, Hu A, saprophagous - Yan A,
Chinese beetles Popillia quadriguttata arc Korea
necrophagous - A funeral, fecal diet - dung beetles. The group is a complete metamorphosis, the larvae living environment and feeding habits due to a variety of different forms; pupa pupae mostly bare, rare is the pupa. Insecta Lepidoptera is the second largest in the head, the body and wings are named after a large number of scales. Butterfly Day activities are a class of lepidopteran insects, usually from their bright colors and rod-like tentacles, and the rest of the way they are - four wings together and set in the back to identify. After the butterfly wings and strong base to expand in the flight support and connected to the wing. Butterfly world, 17,000 or so known species are insects arouses attention. Our more than 1,300 butterfly species, Beijing has more than 170 kinds. Butterfly is a complete metamorphosis insects - life has egg, larva, pupa and adult phases. Many larvae feed on plants, adult nectar Zeyi siphoning mouthparts. Lepidoptera moths are the largest group, accounting for Lepidoptera species of 9 / 10 or so. Changes in the appearance of many moths, it is difficult for general description. Most nocturnal moths, body color dark; also some daytime activities, colorful species. However, the moths and butterflies have antennae difference - they do not reach the end of rod, but the present silk, feather, and other styles; Also, most moths before and after the wing is to rely on some special connection structure to achieve the flight is the wings attached - wing and wing yoke of the existence of reins, making the moths and butterflies have more different way. Moth is also a complete metamorphosis of insects, many of the larvae of the host is a human food source, moths, and human relations will become closer insect groups.
Bi swallowtail Papilio bianor Cramer
In the Insecta, Odonata is relatively primitive group, but also a smaller target. Odonata is divided into three sub-orders: Poor wing sub-orders collectively, the About 5,000 around the world, China has 300. Dragonfly stout,
mexico 66 baja, flat wings resting at your sides; slender body placed in the back rest wings beam. Suborder between the wings holds a stout body and beam placed in the back of the wings. Odonata is incomplete metamorphosis insects, larval Adults but also for carnivorous species, prey of small insects, flying fast, fierce temperament. Diptera, including mosquito, grasshopper, Simuliidae, Tabanidae, flies, etc., is the larger purpose Insecta. The adult wing is membranous, hindwing degenerate into Diptera is divided into a long horn, short horn and ring crack three sub-orders. Asian long-horned purpose of tentacles in six more, including the mosquito, grasshopper, Simuliidae, is relatively low in the group; short horn antenna in the five sub-projects below normal three, known as the The Obvious characteristics of Hymenoptera purposes, including chewing mouthparts, wings front and rear wings connected by hook completion and so on. The group is widely distributed, more than 100,000 kinds of known species, estimated at least 250,000 species, including ants and bees. According to the abdomen is constricted at the base tapering into broad and slender waist suborder suborder. Canton is a low waist suborder of herbivorous taxa, including the sawfly, tree bees, wasps and other groups stems; slender sub-orders, including the purpose of most types of Hymenoptera, including ants, wasps, and various parasitic wasps and so on.
O. Rhamnomia Leptocorisa chinensis
Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, also known as different. These insects commonly known as More than 38,000 known species, is the Insecta one of the major groups. Hemiptera insect wing covered in the rest of the body back to its next possession after the wings. Since some groups ossification thicker wing base, as Mouthparts piercing-sucking mouthparts to the body of plants or other animals feeding on sap. An incomplete metamorphosis insects. The abdominal scent gland encountered predator odor volatile liquid that shoots out. Therefore, be a Orthoptera is a kind of common insects, including Tettigonioidea, crickets, mole crickets, locusts, etc., more than 20,000 kinds of known around the world, is widely distributed. Slightly hardened adult wing, known as The orders were incomplete metamorphosis, nymphs and adults make more use of plants for food, farming, forestry, cash crops have damage; a few species are omnivorous or carnivorous. Orthoptera is a more primitive insect groups, originated in the original Orthoptera, in the Carboniferous period is now divided into classes Tettigonioidea long antennae, and antennae shorter locust class. Many types of crying or fighting the habit, a traditional way of viewing insects, such as cricket and Tettigonioidea. Other insects: Hexapoda including Protura, Collembola, and Insecta two-tailed classes. Insecta addition to the seven other projects there are other 24 projects, a total of 31 projects. Insecta wide range of shapes and sizes, but with exoskeletons, the three pairs of legs are their common characteristics. Many of these species is familiar: milkfish hate - body lice, Siphonaptera - fleas, and so people. Whether you like it or not, they are in a place in our lives. Extant species of insect species is estimated that the actual entomologist at 200 million to between 5 million kinds. Head for the widest range of Coleoptera (Coleoptera, beetles), Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths), Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera, bees, ants) and Diptera (Diptera, flies, mosquitoes). Most insects, small, usually less than 6 mm long, but the size difference and the poor. Some very small, such as parasitic wasps; and some tropical insects are quite large, up to 16 cm long. Many different types of gender structure. Such as twist Homoptera (Strepsiptera) of the female egg only into a full pocket of non-construction activities, while the males have wings, very active. Reproduction in different ways, reproductive and strong. Certain insects (eg mayflies) only in the larval feeding, not feeding from the body. Social insects, ants, and later (after termites) can live more than 50 years. The adult mayfly's life, some less than two hours. Habits vary. Density varies considerably, in a wet soil can be up to four million insects, but in the same context may only occasionally see a butterfly, bumble bees or beetles and other large insects. From desert to jungle, from the ice to the cold mountain streams to lowland ponds and the death of hot springs, fresh water or land every habitat, as long as there is food, there are insect life. There are many living in the salinity of sea water up to 1 / 10 of the brackish water, a few species living in seawater. Some Diptera larvae can live in the oil pool, feeding the insects fall into the pool. Insects usually have breathing egg shell holes, and in the shell to form a ventilation network. Some insect eggs sticking together to form egg cases. Some eggs of insects through the bad environment. If some of the grasshoppers in the egg through the dry summer, to be further developed when wet. In dry conditions in the development of Aedes eggs after entering a period of dormancy, such as into the water, quickly hatched. Development and reproduction of insect larvae hatched in different ways. Such as moths, butterflies animal bite out of egg shells; fleas are hatching spines, with a stab and cut a slit in the shell; some eggs on the egg shells turned down out of the egg cover. Swallowing air when the larvae hatch in order to earn a hard egg shell; after hatching to the skin sclerosis in front and continue to swallow gas, the expansion itself. Once hardened skin, it can not be long, and only through a series of molting, the shedding old skin, new skin to grow bigger the occasion to grow up. Molt, the body may be sudden changes. Most primitive wingless insects, such as clothing fish, in the process of growing up into adults almost no change in body structure, known as non-insect metamorphosis. The grasshopper (Orthoptera Orthoptera 〔〕), bugs (Heteroptera Heteroptera Head 〔〕) and aphids (Homoptera Homoptera 〔〕), initially the same shape, until finally become winged adults, genital maturation also , called incomplete metamorphosis. Advanced Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera are full metamorphosis, the larvae completely unlike the adult; larvae molt series, changed little, and then become pupae, then to adult. Larvae of a variety of shapes can be divided into five types: type (moths, butterflies animals), type grub, clothing fish type (type), type of beetle larvae and maggots type. Pupae were divided into pupae (with varying degrees of limb close to the body), from the pupae (appendages not close to the body) and Wai pupae (essentially from the pupae, but was formed by the skin sac larvae surrounded) . Molting and metamorphosis are controlled by hormones. Molting is a brain hormone neurosecretory cells launched. This hormone acts on the endocrine glands of a chest - before the thymus, thymic production before the molting hormone, the role of the dermal layer to stimulate growth and the formation of the epidermis. Metamorphosis is also subject to hormonal control: In the larval stage, behind a small gland called the pharyngeal side of the body, the secretion of juvenile hormone. As long as the juvenile hormone in the blood, is shed in the dermal skin cells to produce larvae. To the last instar larvae of juvenile hormone is no longer produced, so the insect metamorphosis to become adults. In the whole insect metamorphosis, the pupa in a very small amount of juvenile hormone in the case of development. Although any insect diapause period can occur, but is most common in the pupal stage. In temperate zones, many insect pupae of the winter. In addition to morphological changes during development, many more state of the phenomenon of adult insects. For example: After the ants and worker ants, bees and wasps are different after; a soldier termites, reproductives and persistent larvae; aphid adults without wings and wing is divided; Some butterflies have eye-catching two-state nature of the season. These differences are explained as follows: each gene in each member have the ability to develop into different types, due to environmental stimulation specific developmental pathway. Hormones may be controlled part of these changes. Most insects camps ######ual reproduction. Butterfly vision is very important, Cidie color in flight to attract the same male butterfly. Mayflies and midges in some flocks of flying males to attract females. Some parts of the female beetle fat body to form a light organ to attract males. Male voice to attract female crickets and grasshoppers, male mosquitoes were flying female mosquitoes attracted by the sound. But the most important thing is the smell. Most females secrete pheromones to lure males, males can also have equally attractive female odor. Mating and spawning needs of proper temperature and nutrition. A pregnancy, life-long eggs. Mating, spawning, especially during the protein needs of adult Lepidoptera only sugar and water, and larvae under the essential protein reserve. Constant temperature and nutrition affect hormone secretion. Spawning or juvenile hormone usually secreted from nerve cells in the hormone. Without these hormones, the reproductive disruption. These phenomena observed in the winter potato beetle. A small number of rare insects, male from female to parthenogenesis. Temperate aphids produced only camp in the summer parthenogenetic female aphid, the aphid embryo development in the mother (viviparity). Some gall midge larvae of ovarian oocytes in the parthenogenetic development of the case began, the mother worm larvae damage the wall to escape, called reproductive larvae.
horned insect fossil
Lu Shengkun habits of insects insects in the environment is too hot when looking for a cool damp premises. If exposed to sunlight, it makes itself in the position of the smallest surface heating. If too cold, and insects to stay warm in the sun. Many butterfly wings in flight to be collected before the heat. Moth wings in flight before the shock or shake the body, and by the hair or scales around the body to form a layer of air insulation to keep body heat. The most suitable flight muscle temperature is 38 ~ 40 ℃ (100 ~ 104). In the cold, the body is frozen insects greatest danger. Type in the cold regions can be called the cold winter insects. Insects can tolerate a small number of ice crystals appear in body fluids, but in this case, the cell inclusions may not be frozen. Means that most insects stop the freezing cold. Antifreeze effect was partly due to gather a large amount of glycerol as cryoprotectant; partly due to physical changes in the blood, the temperature is far below the freezing point while still frozen. Drought resistance, including the hard wax and the expansion of water storage mechanism. Pereiopod aquatic insects in addition to significant changes in place for swimming, the main adaptive change is breathing. Some rise to the surface to breathe. The end of mosquito control using only the last breath of abdominal breathing pores. Dytiscidae between the elytra and the abdomen has a storage chamber. Air-breathing insects in the surface air layer formed between the hair, the role such as gills, it made from water, gas, extended dive time. Insect larvae in the water directly from the water was gas. Chironomid larvae are abundant throughout the tracheal epidermis. Trichoptera (Trichoptera) and Ephemeroptera (Ephemeroptera) larvae have tracheal gills. Large dragonfly larvae in the gills in the rectum, anus and out of the water provided from the oxygen. Respiratory organs of insects insects no nose, how they breathe it? The original tracheal breathing insects is that they have a special respiratory system, which formed by the valve and tracheal organ systems, the valve is equivalent to their Chest and abdomen in insects each row lined on both sides of the circular hole, which is the valve. Valve similar to human nostrils, have exclusive competence in the orifice filter cloth brush and sieve plate, the same as the gate to prevent the invasion of other objects. There is also can open and close the valve a small flap, holds the valve closed. Valve connected with the trachea, the trachea and branch into many micro-tube, through various parts of the body of insects. Insects rely on a shrinking piece of the abdomen, through the valve, the trachea to breathe. Terrestrial insects can be highly adapted to the environment, one of the reasons is that with this special respiratory system. Ants, grasshoppers, mantis, butterflies, bees, mosquitoes, flies and other insects are Lusheng Kun breathing in this way. Insects live in water are also carried out with breathing valve. Like a dragonfly, mayfly larvae of long-term adaptation of the aquatic environment, also formed a new respiratory organs - tracheal gills like a fish can breathe the air dissolved in water. Lee insects and insect damage in natural ecosystems play an important role. They help decompose organic matter, bacteria and other organisms to help build the soil. With the evolution of insects and flowers, many flowers rely on insects for pollination. Some insects provide important products such as honey, silk, wax, dye, pigment, which is good for you, but because of feeding various types of organic matter, causing great harm to agriculture. Pest damage to nature or the storage of grain or wood, the grain, livestock and human transmission of harmful microorganisms. Animals, insects become the most prosperous groups because 1. Winged insects fly is the only winged invertebrates in a class, but also the first winged animals in a group. Ability to be fly, to the insects in the feeding, mating, avoiding the enemy, diffusion, etc. has brought great benefits; 2. Strong insect reproduction has amazing ability to reproduce. Most insect eggs laid in the range of several hundred, with social insects with parthenogenetic fecundity more, if necessary, a queen bee can lay one million lives, some have estimated a parthenogenesis generations of aphids, if all survived and continue to multiply, then the total number of up to six months after the aphids about 600 million. Strong flourishing of reproductive potential is the basis of population; 3. Most are small insects with relatively small advantage, not only a small amount of food that is able to meet their nutritional needs of growth and reproduction, but also to the living space, flexibility, avoiding the enemy, reduce damage, the wind has many advantages such as migration ; 4. Diversification of feeding different groups of organs with different types of insect mouthparts, that is, chewing mouthparts, sucking and chewing mouthparts, suck mouthparts, sucking mouthparts, such as siphoning mouthparts 5, on the one hand avoid competition for food, while some degree of improved relations between the object and feeding insects; 5. With the vast majority of insect metamorphosis and development stage for the whole metamorphosis, most of which types of immature and adult individuals on the habitat and feeding habits vary greatly, thus avoiding the insects in the same or similar space and food and other needs contradictions; 6. Resilient wide distribution from the insects, many species, the number of large, extended and long history that we can push the idea on the strong ability to adapt, regardless of the temperature, hunger, drought, pharmaceutical and other insects have a strong resilience , and the insect life cycle is shorter, easier on the populations of beneficial mutations to survive. For cyclical or long-term adverse environmental conditions, insects can hibernate or diapause, in some species diapause in the soil a few years, ten years or longer, in order to maintain continuity of its population. Naming of biological specimens are to each of them scientists who studied the creature had not recorded a Latin name taken, including the genus and species names of two Latin words, known as the binomial, 1758 by the Swedish scientist Linnaeus first. Naming is based on the specimen as type specimens, which specifies a positive model, and the remaining as vice-mode. Since the relationship between insects and humans on the planet with people, because people get subsistence from nature, to transform the natural, inevitable competition for resources with the insect problems; but on the other hand, insects are also provided for human resources. So people will have taken place with the close relationship between insects. The relationship between insect and human is very complex, a complex relationship is one of the main factors of the abnormal feeding insects widely. According to previous estimates, 48.2% of insect herbivores in; 28% of predators, preys on other insects and small animals; 2.4% is a parasitic, parasitic on other insects and animals in vitro and in vivo: There are 17.3% of food corruption organism and animal waste. The draw for our general outline of benefit and harm the insects. But this is just a natural phenomenon, but man's view is of benefit and harm the economic interests from the point of view, and therefore much more complex. Here is the harmful insects and beneficial aspects of the human are discussed. About how to identify insects, insect, and perhaps we are very familiar. Color swirling butterflies, honey bees visiting flowers, silk cocoons of silkworms, the cicadas sing, gaining the upper hand aggressive cricket a glimmer of fireflies, dashing, the shape of the aircraft dragonfly, simple and honest cute little ladybug , holding a pair of knives, angry staring eyes of the mantis, annoying flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches and so on. So, what other insects it? Silk spider, scorpion stings are not insects? Millipedes, centipedes it? On these issues, you do not fully know the result, now let's take a look in the end be considered what kind of insects do insects? Insects and other organisms, the classification has its own special place. It belongs to Arthropoda in the animal kingdom in the Insecta. Its main features are as follows (similar to Choi Wan Chi Figure): (1) part of the body are composed of a collection of head, thorax and abdomen of individual segments, but not division; (2) the head is feeling and feeding center, with mouthparts (mouth) and 1 pair of antennae, compound eyes and usually there is one eye; (3) the chest is the sports center, with 3 pairs of legs, usually there are two pairs of wings (some a pair, such as flies, and some not, such as ants, etc.) ; (4) reproductive and metabolic center of the abdomen, which contains most of the genitals and internal organs; (5) Some insects in the growth and development process to go through a series of internal and external morphological changes, to transform into adults. This change in posture is called metamorphosis. Some lower insects without metamorphosis during development (such as clothing fish); some do not complete metamorphosis (eg dragonflies); some higher insects is completely abnormal (such as butterflies). (6) will call and the male insects, females do not tweet. Therefore,
Asics Mens Whizzer Lo, the basic characteristics of insects can be summarized as: Centipedes, the leg is more, almost every aspect (body section) all have 1 to 2 pairs of legs, of course, a more than insects. Largest and the smallest of insects atlas moth is only distributed in Southeast Asia, is the most enormous moth. Its wing has 400 square centimeters of the wide wingspan of up to 30 cm. English name of the No adult mouthparts, larvae alone time remaining in the body fat to survive, life is only about one to two weeks. By the end of the female moth abdominal glands secrete hormones, and male moths even in the wind at a few kilometers away, still sensitive to. Adults quickly mate. After the female moths lay eggs, consume the body fat after they die. From the weight, the world's heaviest insects is enormous rhinoceros beetles in tropical America (Coleoptera rhino Scarabaeidae). The rhinoceros beetle head protruding from the end of the abdomen for up to 155 mm, body width 100 mm, the largest goose than a bigger. About 100 grams of weight actually, quite the weight of two eggs. In addition, the Brazilian production of a beetle (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) in length are also more than 150 mm. However, body length, the longest living insect is a stick insect in the Malay Peninsula, and its body length of 270 mm, much longer than a pencil. The world's smallest and lightest Hymenoptera insects Anagrus Branch (Mymaridae) an egg wasps (Alaptus magnonimus Annandale), body length is only 0.21 mm, its weight is also extremely small, only 0.005 mg. Translation look, only 1 gram of 200,000, 10 million have an egg so heavy. Are protected in New Zealand insects and animals --- Vita. Since the evolution of species in New Zealand and the rest of the world in different island, so this land, there are some animals in the world unique. If this figure is generally greater insects, while most of relatively violent, for example, known locally as Vita is a cricket classes, living in trees or stones, the body of a number of foot and many thorns. The insect in the last million years of time had little evolution, the physical characteristics has remained to the present, belongs to the earliest life on New Zealand. At the same time, it is also the largest insects in nature, known the world's largest weighing 78 grams Vita, 100-150 times more than large flies, locusts are generally 50 times the level of not only the ferocious enough to scare away mice, but also bite, many New Zealanders have had to endure in the children's time to bite the pain experience. Since the destruction of the ecological environment, the emergence of new enemies, the distribution of this large insect has been reduced to a few areas of the main island of New Zealand and individual islands. New Zealand Government for the protection of the insect, Vita has established a number of protected areas to prevent the extinction of unique to this insect. The world's longest insect foot barbed spines stick insect English: Giant Walking Stick scientific name: Phobaeticus serratipes
the world's longest insect
Distribution: Singapore, Malaysia should be seen as the insects can be used as tropical insect pet one of the best candidates. Stick insect mesh (Phasmatodea) The word comes from the Greek word Means It is up to two feet (about 61cm) in length making it the longest in the insect kingdom. Many types of female stick insects live alone, a######ual reproduction. Stick insects for the vegetarian insects, but in the molting period, they also eat their shed skin off. The time when they are aware of the danger, they usually fell to the ground pretending to be dead, or the long wavering. [1], the world's smallest and lightest Hymenoptera insects Division Mymaridae Anagrus an egg bee Alaptus magnonimus Annandale, only 0.21 mm in length, its weight is also extremely small, only 0.005 mg. Translation look, only 1 gram of 200,000, 10 million have an egg so heavy. How many species of insects in the world Recent studies show that the world may be 10 million kinds of insects, representing about half of the Earth all living species. A named insect species but only 100 million, the total known species of the animal kingdom 2/3- 3 / 4. Thus, in the world of insects and 90% of the species we do not know; by the most conservative estimates, the world has at least three million kinds of insects, and that there are still 2 million kinds of insects, yet to be discovered, described and named. Now published around the world each year 1,000 new species of insects, which are included in the Already naming the insects, Coleoptera (beetles) have as many as 350 thousand kinds, of which the largest Curculionidae, including more than 60,000 kinds, 10 times in mammals. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), followed by about 20 million. Hymenoptera (bees, ants) and Diptera (mosquitoes, flies) are about 150,000 kinds. Not only are many kinds of insects, but the number of individuals with a lot of insects, and some surprisingly large number of individuals. An ant colony can be as many as 50 million individuals. A tree can have 100,000 individual aphids. In the forest, each will have 100,000 square meters of Collembola. Locust outbreak,
buy onitsuka tiger tokidoki, the number of individuals as much as 1.2 billion up to 7, with a total weight of about 1250 to 3000 tons, covering an area of up to 500 flights of 1200 hectares, can be said to cover day shrouded. Know types of insects of China has a vast territory, complicated natural conditions, is the only geographical region across the country two animals, which is the world's one of the largest insect species. Generally speaking, China's share of world species of insect species 1 / 10. The world has 100 insect species naming million, the naming of 100,000 kinds of insects should be about naming can be present, China has been found only more than 50,000 kinds of insects, to catch up with the world's current level is still long way to go. Moreover, the world's insect species should be 300 to 1000 million species, insects, so there should be 30 to 100 of million. This shows that there are too many of the new species of insects waiting for friends who wish to study to discover insects, name, describe them. Where insects live in so many insect species, so their way of life and living spaces must be diverse, and some insects instinct of life and life performance of great research value. It can be said, from the horizon to the Cape, from the mountains to the depths, from the equator to the poles, from the sea, rivers to the desert, from the grasslands to forest, from the field to the interior, from the sky into the soil, presence of insects everywhere. However, according to the most appropriate state of the major insect activity sites to distinguish can be divided into five categories. (1) insects in the air of life: Most of these insects are active during the day, adult stage with well-developed wings, usually with well-developed mouthparts, longer adult life. Such as bees, wasp, dragonfly, fly, mosquito, gadfly, butterflies and so on. Insects in the air phase of activity is primarily for migration and diffusion, to find prey, mating courtship and spawning site selection. (2) on the surface of insect life: these insects without wings, or wings to fly but have poor or only crawl and jump. Some good flying insects, their larvae and pupae are also on the ground of life. Number of parasitic insects and feed on plants and animals exclusively on insects of corruption (including the common human life, insects in the room), but also most of the surface activity. Insect activity on the surface of all the vast majority of insects, insect food because the ground is the location and habitat. These insects are common beetle (Bombardier Beetle), cockroaches and so on. (3) insects in the soil of life: all of these insects to the plant roots and soil humus for the foodstuffs. Because of their activities in the soil and grazing on plant roots and become agriculture, fruit trees and nursery stock of a major disaster. These insects most afraid of light, most types of activities and migration than the poor little drill ground activities during the day, evening and rainy day activities of their best time. These insects are common mole crickets, cutworms (moth larvae), cicada larvae. (4) insects in the water of life: some insect life in the water, such as the purpose of the negative sub-half-winged bugs, Tian turtle, turtle bugs, bugs and other planning, Coleoptera Dytiscidae, water turtles and other worms. Some insects only larvae (nymphs special call them) live in water, such as dragonflies, stone moths, mayflies and so on. Aquatic insects are a common feature: the valve side of the body degradation, and developed in the valve body or both ends of the tracheal gills instead of a special valve for respiration; most of the species are flat and hairy enough to swim, play the role of the water. (5) parasitic insects: relatively small size of these insects, relatively poor activity, larvae of most species are not sufficient or foot is no longer able to walk, eye sight has weakened. Some parasitic insect parasitic life in the mammalian body surface, relying on blood-sucking living, such as fleas, lice and so on. Some of the parasites in animals, such as horse flies stomach. Other insect parasitic on other insects, beneficial to humans, can use them to control pests, known as biological control. These insects are wasps, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, sending flies. In parasitic insects, there is a phenomenon called parasitism. Is that when a parasitic wasp, or parasitic flies in phytophagous insects, there was a parasitic insects infest the other was born in the former parasitic insects. Some species can also be double, or triple parasitism. These phenomena on the insects, just an instinct to survive competition. Edible insects bring insects, people will think of ants, crickets, dragonflies, grasshoppers, cicadas, caterpillars and other small animals bizarre. These small animals hole symmetry breaking play, watch what is acceptable, but to eat as food belly, you may find hard to imagine there are a lot of people, perhaps even nausea and vomiting. In fact, the insects as human food has a long history, the world's many countries and regions, have the habit of eating insects. According to incomplete statistics, China consumed as food all over the dozens of insects around. Insects not only rich in organic matter, such as protein, fat, carbohydrates,
vibram five fingers, inorganic substances such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, calcium salts is also very rich in content, as well as the amino acids needed by the body. According to data analysis, each containing 100 ml of plasma free amino acids in insect 24.4 ~ 34.4 mg, much higher than the content of free amino acids in human plasma. Insects is also very high protein content, containing 72% dried cicada protein, the Hornets with 81% of the protein, the protein in vivo termites is higher than beef, 100 grams of termite can produce 500 calories, 100 grams of beef, but only produce 30 calories. Insects as food in addition to the above advantages, there are generations of short, breed quickly and easily access and so on. Thus when in distress in the wild, insects, food is often the preferred persons in distress, I own more than ten species in the wild to eat, I feel pretty good taste. To outdoor enthusiasts have some understanding of edible insects, the author lists in this field easier to obtain in China, still a good taste of edible insects, capture and consumption methods for going to eat insects, After the insects were marked with When eating insects, according to its own conditions at that time, a choice of roasted, burned, fried, boiled, fried food and other different ways. Adults or larvae eat the locusts, grasshoppers, including a variety of locusts can eat. Beat with branches with leaves, or tile on the floor with plastic film to the film will be driven locusts, because film can not escape easily capture smooth locusts. Consumption of the adult mole cricket, hand capture, or at night with a light lure. Eat adult crickets, hand capture or swat with tree branches. Tettigonioidea known as Grasshopper, cricket capture methods and similarity. Mori, silkworm pupae main food, the Department of domesticated insects, wild is not easy to meet. Moths, including moth, slug, armyworm, Minge variety of moths, the larval body surface as more long-haired, looks ugly, most people choose to eat pupae. Butterflies can eat all kinds of butterfly pupae, larvae moth larvae than children, most types of non-hairy, also edible. Adults and eggs of termites eating, looking for nest digging. Termites live in the trees and into the soil in the two types of termites in the tree the expense of white body color, no smell food. And to sacrifice more for the brown color of termites, eating a little smell. Eat adult ants, larvae, pupae, eggs, looking for nest digging, or food traps. Pay special attention to eating ants smell Formicidae ant species in the toxic and not edible. Stink ant individual small, upturned tail, smell, easy to distinguish from other ants. * Consumption of adult cicadas, beat with a branch or stick with the plastic rod. Some of the flood in the south side of the mountains and sometimes died after drinking water can be seen gathering in large numbers of cicadas, you can collect. Dragonfly adults, larvae can eat, adults with tree branches break, or adhesive, can also be used netting. Larvae in the water fishing with nets. Negative sub-adults eat bugs, fishing with nets in the water. Stone eroded by the larvae, the larvae live in streams, stones with wire to stick together to form at the expense of the body, hand in the water fish artichoke's Shiwo, capture larvae. Beetle larvae eat the larvae live in wood, the termite wood living insect eye to select multiple deadwood to cut open, looking for larvae. Mantis eating adult, larvae, adults or larvae caught with bare hands, praying mantis eggs are also edible. Dytiscidae adults, larvae can eat, with nets in ponds, rivers to fish. Including wasps bees, wasps, bees, edible adult, larvae and pupae. Find the cellular death by fire after the adult only after collecting larvae and pupae. That the use of fire to collect bee stings has been the risk, to choose at night, more than ready to torch a few pieces of fire suddenly, while his head, hands with thick clothes or other items protected. The principles of insect sound pronunciation of insects is divided into three categories: (a) flight, feeding and mating activities. Human beings can hear the vibration frequency of 20 ~ 20000Hz. Butterflies for the 7 ~ 13Hz; flies to 147 ~ 220Hz; mosquito wings flapping flight vibration frequency of about 594Hz; so we can hear the flapping wings of flies and mosquito's voice. (B) the impact of other objects in the body produces. If the head struck the tunnel wall stealing Beetle sound, certain types of male courtship by Tenebrionidae disc friction female chest abdominal tumor with a sharp sound. (C) of the organs of insects have their own special sounds. (1) friction pronunciation. Articulatory friction with each other and the two sounds. Such as crickets, Tettigonioidea, locusts, mole crickets, bugs, beetles, beetle and so on. (2) membrane vibration pronunciation. Homoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, some species have such a pronounced way. Insects not known of old Beijing residential houses, bungalows have a courtyard or small yard, there is a little bigger garden, in addition to diffuse into a lane of clanking drums brick is outside the land, plant some trees and plants, also grown in many complex grass flowers, there are a variety of small insects living in there, added a lot of our childhood fun. Over one cycle time, and now hard to see them, remember it is still missing. The small insects, some cute, some scary; some called I believe that time with their children who accompany them will not forget the smell Sister: scientific stink bugs. She can fly about fingernail size, covered with black ash, only a little pink wings, known as the big sister I do not know why, in fact, it is ugly, but also very unpleasant smell, stick to the hands of half a day wash off. She has this mode of self-defense skills, enough to shy away from anything malicious. Hanged ghost: scientific Huai silkworm. Most of the past Beijing courtyard side of the former kind of a rich family locust. With white flowers in summer through an alley, but love long worms, is hanged ghosts. He hung in the air with a filament, adults hate him, often through the neck and under the shade of a cool feel, touched a worm is soft, startled. Kids like it, trust in the hands of cool, he stretched it out Yigongyigong a bent forward crawling. Later in the Now, when I see the world famous brand watches and clocks Yang lesbian: slug, many in Beijing jujube, jujube, although delicious, foreign lesbian terrible. He has a camouflage technique, light green and almost half Qingzao, soft like a leech, covered with fine hair, stick to the hands of him once, very red and swollen itching to be a piece of dough, it is best chewing gum, to see the fine fur sticking out of it better. Ants: they spend all day in the road always Mangmangdaodao and forth, I like to follow from squatting on the ground, watching them in the end to do, to see how they put more than twice what their bodies pulled freshman home. There is also a relatively large head and called If you take a camphor ball on the ground a circle, it is like experiencing Once out to, disoriented and drunk, like, fear not find home. Ant is a spectacular and brutal battle scenes: a dense mass of a mass of one, silent, biting each other, the battle was over, the remaining dead ants everywhere, they are for what? Kitchen horse: the kitchen cooking when the kitchen fire brick, day and night, night, bank up a fire immortal, and in the eyes of fire next to the puzzle into a slender small tank, called or wash the dishes with, is a good way to save energy. Winter is also very warm kitchen stove will give birth to many horses, said that this is the Kitchen God's horse. Horse with crickets kitchen looks similar, but are small yellow, less than pretty strong and aggressive cricket, sounds not loud. Sensual stove poor horse, to their humble, and it did not like the crickets that fate: being kept in a jar and provoke them to fight each other for fun. Now the kitchen was a popular seems to be no cockroaches, I do not know when the cockroach is introduced, it is more annoying than the kitchen horse. Kowtow insects: 1.5 cm in length, black, sharp head hard. He took cover on the nail, it will knock his head pops to the sound of fingernails, small things, as much as big neck stiffness. Small insects have a great ability to play dead, lie down and die of danger to civilian clothes, and even his back, motionless, and the real thing. Perceived risk for a few moments passed, rolled over and started running, only to have such a scheming little thing. Eupolyphaga: Many insects can not tell male and female, Eupolyphaga very clear: a small male, with wings, the mother even as big as silver dollars, without wings, a circular lid buckle body, a very concise form. Turn it upside down, it will be hard with Zhuaer top, the effort to make their own positive position, it looks clumsy but persistent. Listen to adults that can be used as medicine Eupolyphaga and female, I can not imagine what it taste? How to drink? ! Beetles: scientific name dung beetle. If they are dedicated to work to catch up, it is good to see, you will appreciate their intelligence, collaboration and professionalism. Wasp: a robust young man described the first back waist is called Children are afraid of it, the more frightened the more like stir up a hornets' nest, looking for stimulation, now think of, go back to the wasp lost their homes and their son, the wasp How sad! Beetles: a tall, large hard shell flying insects, covered with black and black and the best is to see out those two slender curved horns, black and white and white, very unique. It is very strong, so I alternatus it, put a cord can pull toy wooden car, Grasshopper: the locusts, which is terrible disaster if it became the city's children have never seen. Grasshopper's legs look great, like an upside down pipa thick thighs, legs fine, exceptionally strong jumping ability. In track and field, you see the athletes running and jumping leg is like this. Dragonfly knife: the praying mantis, if you find that the grass knife mantis, it is often stood up holding his arms with barbed teeth, before and after the micro-shaking demonstrators to you, that is Mantis standard posture. Guada flat: the color green, slender, pointed head, much like the Concorde, good looking guy, but not say what its big name. The sound of its flight Guadaguata, so I Guada flat bar. And because of this, often exposing themselves been arrested, the sound of it is for what? Old Glass: Beijing to call the old glass dragonfly, golden yellow (and very few red, green and black), like the ancient city of Beijing as the unique flash bright yellow glazed tiles, so named for it. Summer playing catch dragonflies is a joy of childhood, they are very alert, very quick speed and sharp turns, but also the air suspension, it can catch it without damage to the delicate wings, it is not easy. Hand fingertips on it if you mouth it will bite you, but not hurt, itch is very fun. Other uses of insects in Yunnan Province, Kunming, refers to people. Kunming people like to travel by car on holidays, to enjoy the pleasures of nature to the heart, that human life in Kunming is very interesting. Kunming Economic and certainly inferior to other developed cities, but the mentality of Kunming has remained very well. Many insect species, full of wonders. In this section we select some of the insects, by means of pictures, to showcase their exotic place, or the form unusual or interesting behavior. We give an example, in Beijing, such as Liu Shuji Department of ants are often seen in many busy, you can still see the bark on the base of a mud cover (Fig. A), to sweep aside the height can be found relatively large number of aphids (Figure B). The long-beaked willow aphid called large aphids, body length of up to 4 mm, the most surprising is its beak (the mouth), is longer than the body, up to 8 mm. But think about it is not surprising, it has to pass through the thick bark, to be sucked inside the phloem sap of the tree. If the mouth is not long, can breathe food? If we are serious investigation of it, that it must be symbiotic with ants. Aphids and the nutrient-rich excrement (called honeydew) as a gift to ants; the ants as they build a house to protect the safety of aphids. If you do not cooperate with the ants, aphids and their own lives that can do it? The answer is no. We know there are a lot of ground natural enemies of aphids, such as some Carabidae (beetle), without the protection of the ants, which aphids can not live. This is because it's living habits of the decision. Beak puncture with a thick bark is not an easy thing to do, we should pull out bill is also not easy; if the arrival of further A-level predators, there is no protection of the ants, they just wait to die. Aphids and ants, so the only alliance, there is no other way out. The tree has a variety of other aphid defenses. In fact, if we are serious insects and in-depth observational study, the total can find all kinds of insects are their survival, or in the course of history, was eliminated. They related to plants or animals is rich in philosophical relations, these are the insects in the long process of evolution, the nature or the results of other organisms to adapt to each other. Figure A weeping willow tree at the base of ants in captivity long beak large aphid Stomaphis sinisalicis. Figure B experience interference if the aphids, ants will come forward and will help the long-beaked willow aphid Stomaphis sinisalicis pull large mouthparts, move them to the ground. Chinese painters of nature insect insects in Chinese painting is called Insects are meticulous and freehand painting of two. In general, flowers with meticulous Meticulous Insects, flower freehand freehand with Insects. However, sometimes accompanied by a very large flower freehand Insects meticulous work fine, but the images have a strong sense of contrast and rhythm, people enjoy a hearty Yiyun, the go is completed slightest savor the exquisite, more of a deep deep sense of intoxication. Insects people to study painting, should start copying the real nature of the insects start, the general is to find live insects or specimens, carefully observe their shape, color and detail each part of the structure, to sketch, draw up the future in mind so that more secure ; If you could learn more about their living environment and habits, and come back to seriously study the famous works, and understand their way of art depicting Insects, then you can be described by Insect God painted shape are right, they recreate themselves out. Insects famous painter Qi is a master of painting, he painted the Insect and spirit is superb, vivid. Especially coupled with the greatly enjoyable fruits, flowers, the fine detail of the Insect that seems to be more delicate, superb, very enjoyable.
Qi painted dragonfly
Qi painting cicada
Book Information Title: Queensland
book Publisher: Beijing Science and Technology Publishing Date: August 1, 2010 ISBN: 9787530439487 Book Size: 16 Open Price: 23.80 yuan Introduction of To normal at a particular grass, these small life or slowly creeping, or crawling, or flap flap fly. Even if you do not see them, they are also dedicated to exist on earth, whether summer or winter. Insects almost throughout the whole earth: Whether in town or in the countryside, whether in caves or in the mountains, both in the desert or in the ice in Antarctica, they are everywhere. Fresh water, land, the house, or even the body of other animals - insects presence everywhere! About the Translator: Wang Xiaofang Editor: (Germany) more 安格拉威因霍 de Atlas Atlas entries References 1
the world's longest insect
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Further reading: 1
book Category: biology, biology, species, books, animals,
Insects
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