Engine components and the {elementary} working pri

basic theory
petroleum engines petroleum energy into kinetic energy to drive the car, the easiest path is through the internal combustion gasoline engine to get the impetus. Therefore, the car engine is an internal combustion engine ---- combustion in the engine occur.
there are two points to note:
1. There are other types of internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines, gas turbines, each with its own advantages and drawbacks.
2. Also have outboard engines. In the early exercises and ships to use the steam engine is a typical outboard engines. Fuels (coal, lumber, oil) in the outer combustion steam engine, and steam into the engine house to generate power. The efficiency of internal combustion engine a lot higher than the external combustion engine, the same power than the smaller of outboard engines. Therefore, not steam engine Hyundai.
contrast,GHD Hair Straightener, the internal combustion engine more effective than outboard engines, cheaper than gas turbines, cordless vehicles easier than to add fuel. These conveniences make the most modern cars use reciprocating internal combustion engine.

combustion engine conveyance is the key
generally use 4-stroke. (Mazda's rotary engine in this debate, Auto Bild has done specification)
4 strokes are: intake, compression, combustion, exhaust. Completion of these four processes, a complete engine cycle (2 laps). 4-stroke piston

understanding, which consists of a piston wand and crankshaft linked as with:
1. Pistons start at the top, the intake valve opens, the piston downward movement,GHD Carry Case & Heat Mat Straighteners, inhaled gas mixture
2. To the top of the piston movement to abbreviate the gas mixture, making the explosion more mighty.
3. When the piston reaches the top, the spark plug spark to ignite the released gas mixture, the explosion makes the piston downward movement repeatedly.
4. The piston approaches the base, the exhaust valve opens, the piston upward manoeuvre, exhaust from the cylinder from the exhaust pipe.
Note: The resulting movement is the engine rotating, reciprocating piston motion into the last rotation by the crankshaft, so as to drive the car tires.

Bore
above the body of the cylinder piston to make apartment for the discipline of the cylinder diameter.




stroke
piston in the cylinder body movement of the beginning and end of the distance. Generally when the piston valve in the rank closest to as a starting point, this point called



displacement
mixture compression and combustion in the combustion chamber, piston reciprocating motion, you can see the alterations in combustion chamber volume, is the feud among the highest and minimum displacement, with l (L) or milliliters (CC ) to fathom. Vehicle emissions is generally among 1.5L ~ 4.0L. Displacement per cylinder, 0.5L, 4-cylinder displacement of 2.0L, V-shaped preparation whether the 6 cylinder, that is, V6 3.0 liter. In general, the displacement that the size of engine power. Therefore, increasing the number of cylinders or increase the volume of the combustion chamber of every cylinder for more power.
space multiplied along the stroke of the cylinder, the cylinder displacement can be obtained. The cylinder displacement multiplied along the digit of cylinders, engine transmission can be obtained. To Altis 1.8L 4-cylinder engine, case in point models:


Bore: 79.0mm, stroke: 91.5mm, cylinder Displacement: 448.5 cc
cylinder engine displacement = displacement × cylinder number = 448.5cc × 4 = 1,794 cc

compression ratio
maximum and minimum cylinder volume ratio of cylinder volume. Minimum cylinder volume of the piston at the die point position of the cylinder volume, also known as the combustion chamber volume. Maximum cylinder volume with the volume of the combustion chamber cylinder displacement, which is dead heart position of the piston position when the next volume of the cylinder.



Altis 1.8L engine's compression percentage of 10:1, reckoned as with:
cylinder Displacement: 448.5 cc, the combustion chamber volume: 49.83 cc
compression ratio = (49.84 +448.5): 49.84 = 9.998:110:1

cylinders
kernel makeup of the engine cylinders, the piston in the cylinder for reciprocating motion, for narrated on is a single cylinder movement, when the substantial application of the multiple cylinder engine is the (4-cylinder , 6 cylinder, 8 cylinder more mutual). We normally laid through the cylinder of the engine classification: inline, V or level of the home (of way there is still Volkswagen's W-type, is actually composed of 2 V).
see below

inline 4-cylinder


V6


horizontally disapproved 4-cylinder

alter arrangement allows the engine to the smooth nature of manufacturing costs and exterior have their own advantages and disadvantages, with the corresponding car.

other portions of the engine
engine is a camshaft, valve, cylinder head, cylinder body, piston, piston rod, crankshaft, flywheel, oil pan ... and other major components, as well as intake, exhaust, ignition,GHD Black Butterfly 2011, lubrication, cooling, etc. ... system combination.
camshaft controls the intake valve and exhaust valve beginning and closing
release spark plug spark plug spark ignited gas mixture, production the explosion. Sparks must be released at the appropriate time.
intake valve, the valves were open at the applicable time to breath of oil and gas mixture and exhaust emissions. Combustion in the compression and
, both valves are closed, to assure the combustion room seal.
piston in the cylinder wall and piston seals proposed:
1. Prevent compression and combustion and exhaust gas medley into the oil tank drips.
2. To discourage the lubricating oil into the cylinder combustion.
most .
oil tank surrounded by the crankshaft, which has a considerable measure of oil.





first see at the basic working rule of maps, the engine internal



so that we tin generally understand the elementary architecture among the engine beneath the engine
theme: the piston up and down movement, driven by the crankshaft rotation, the crankshaft rotation, driven flywheel rotation, the flywheel is connected to the clutch (clutch technology we next revisit), attached to the clutch gearbox, gearbox attached to the drive shaft, torque to the tires, the car ran up.

then we look at a map, a cylinder separately working conditions



this picture that the engine acting moment. Here we Lai Jiangjiang this characteristic process.

order to make the car running, turn the crankshaft must be maintained in mandate to transmit power to the wheels. The speed of rotation that we see on the dashboard speed.
how the crankshaft is rotating it?
all the pictures, the piston on the piston rod connecting the crankshaft, piston reciprocating motion to drive the crankshaft rotation.
This reciprocating piston, four stage, usually known as 4-stroke.
1. the piston down, the intake valve open, injection nozzle, and mingled with air into the cylinder (shown in blue mixture)
2. piston up, the intake valve closed, the gas mixture is compressed.
3. spark plug ignition, the gas mixture explosion, gunpowder compel pushing the piston, push the crankshaft rotation to invest power.
4. exhaust valve open , the piston up, the combustion gas emissions.
the stage, afterward two reciprocating pistons and now we have a basic understanding of the engine acting process, I give the emulating four maps, detailed performance of the four stages.

1


2


3


4


better understand this most basic and important process , I amplified the two points
First, we can ascertain through this process, in truth, produce power merely first stage of the combustion period 3, the other three stages,GHD Classic Styler Straighteners, the engine is actually only consumes no power generation, This time, due to mechanical abrasion between, we can imagine the crankshaft speed is slower. unsteadiness results? that the engine is not running smoothly, jitter, power output is not consecutive. The problem is how to solve it? two method, firstly, to increase the number of cylinders, so that the engine is running to transform smooth, which is effective, so we usually listen,GHD Glamour Limited Edition, V6 engine to be more settled than the L4, is the truth. Another 1 method is to area a flywheel .
flywheel that the premier object we penetrate in the picture, he has several major roles: As you know, moving objects with stamina, with the rotation of the flywheel with the crankshaft, the piston acting while stored energy in the other three stage, the unlock of energy to retain the flat featuring of the crankshaft Another role is to join the clutch, so namely power to the gearbox. The premier three roles a little explanation, because there may TX inquire, we know thatonly the third stage, the engine was have an stimulus to produce, so that the crankshaft is fleeing as the premier period how energy get down to? This is the role of flywheel, flywheel external teeth, teeth, when you start the motorcar, and begin the machine is connected, while you unscrew the keys when the power cell power to the starter, starter steer flywheel rotation, due to the flywheel and crankshaft are chained, so the crankshaft ambition rotate up so the engine began to work.
extension of this is my first point, the flywheel efficacy
Here we can talk about the second point
found in the other end connected to the crankshaft of the necklace, which with the chain, we call the timing chain. Why? We see that when the engine is running, with the piston, the valve is opened a coupler, and when to open? When off is quite particular about that in terms of the intake valve, open early, exhaust climate intrusion, the worst circumstance, valve and the piston may collide, resulting in mechanical break, open late, will obviously guide to inadequate intake. The same is true in terms of exhaust, so there absence to have a timing (can be understood as the right time, on-time time) This is the work of the timing chain, chain connected to a connecting rod, connecting rod on the camshaft, camshaft connected to the valve, the chain rotation, the rotation rod driven, while also rotating camshaft, the valve will be opened a joint. Next to a cycle, the wheel has a belt, this is what we can see Flanagan opened the engine strap, strap drive some of the equipment work,GHD Boho Chic Limited Edition, surrounded them we constantly use the air conditioning.

Basically, this is the basic working principle of the engine. Finally, put a more complete engine map:



this engine namely the present mainstream line 4-cylinder, DOHC, 16-gas cutting, surely aspirated (NA ) engine. English it namely phoned namely L4, DOHC, 16V

contrast, before the extensive use of single-overhead camshaft engine is called (SOHC), 8 gas cutting, this engine, each cylinder has only one intake valve, a exhaust valve, is immediately rarely secondhand.