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48023 2008 年 02 月 11 日 09:17 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: flower cultivation
Clivia
name: Big flower Clivia: Clivia miniata Regel.
down laughing Clivia: Clivia nobilis Lindl.
origin and morphology of Clivia how?
Clivia is a genus Amaryllidaceae Clivia. For the years of herbaceous flowers, thick fleshy roots, stems and roots and leave the bulb divided in two parts. Jian Ye-shaped, alternate, arranged in neat rows, 30-50 cm long, cyme, 10-60 flowers flowers can be a raw, winter and spring flowering, particularly in the winter to more than 15-20 days, flowers can be opened successively turns open may be continued for 2-3 months. Seeds of each fruit contains a maximum of grains.
Clivia is a species native to Africa, the unique flowers. It was introduced into China only 100 years of history, and in private farming, only 40 years, but because of the flowers and graceful, dignified and elegant, by the majority of those who love gardening. It was thick, smooth, upright leaves like swords, a symbol of strong and resolute,
tods shoes, unbending noble character; it is full of Huarong, bright colors, a symbol of wealth and good fortune, prosperity and happiness, so widespread cultivation.
Clivia was particularly loved by the people, not only to it by the charming beauty face bright, even one of the other flowers because it has the incomparable advantages: it is that it is both pleasing flowers tours , the green light is more worthy of admiration, like a wax, crystal clear, shiny leaves. Therefore, many experts believe that appreciation of flowers: Clivia blooming even without touching the flowers, only it was as if the Maple Leaf into Yuzhuo, it is already beyond the reach of some of the foliage plants.
cultivated in China have vertical smile Clivia Clivia (Clivia tenuifolia, also known as) and large flowers Clivia (also known as spent Clivia) two. Vertical smile Clivia breeding in the vicinity of Beijing and its maximum. Its narrow leaves, dark green leaves 50-90 cm, corolla aperture small inflorescence of many flowers, is like a bell-shaped, and drooping upside down; large leaves of Clivia breeding up in Hebei Province. Its distinguishing feature is the short and wide leaves, thick and long scape, the larger umbrella of the abandoned open corolla, flowers up, ornamental value.
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famous greenhouse flowers. China has introduced from Europe and Japan, the two species. The former small flowers drooping down laughing Clivia said; who spend up big, big flowers Clivia said, is one of the most commonly cultivated species.
Clivia flowers like peonies, as magnificent, but also not as rich aroma of jasmine, and no rose for a beautiful scene, but she has shiny green leaves, flowers, the shape of the torch up, color orange, dignified and generous, is ideal for potted landscaping, laughing Clivia flowers hanging down, deep and subtle, elegant and solemn, there is a different flavor.
was wide strip of Clivia leaves, texture hard and thick and shiny and veins. Shortening the stems, leaves from the roots was two fold out, properly managed, leaves arranged in neat rows, the more beautiful. Scape taken out from the leaf axils, generally with 20 ---- 25 leaves when flowering. New Year's Day to flowering from the Spring Festival, also in the summer between 6 ---- July flowering. A small amount of seed after flowering to end, required artificial pollination, seed after 240 ---- 270 days to mature.
Clivia roots white, thick, meat texture. Roots and leaves has a certain relevance, grow new roots and leaves, new leaves have begun to issue, the root injury or necrosis, corresponding to the leaves will wither; leaves hurt, it will also affect the roots.
Clivia tropical origin. Hi half shade, the temperature 10 to 25 degrees is best suitable for slightly acidic in loose fertile soil organic growth.
seeding method used in China is currently the main breeding of Clivia, creating all sorts of varieties. Clivia cultivation of a more simple, we must first choose the right basin earth, can be placed in the room near the window place, characterized by the temperature control around the fertilizer. Basin ground wet growing season to maintain a high temperature half-sleep of the basin ground should dry and more water in foliage, to cooling purposes. Clivia Hi fertilizer every 2 to 3 years once in spring and autumn Huanpen Pentu maturity of cake to add. Facilities in the growing season each year before the maturity of cake 5-40 g of soil in the pot surface, the growing season every 10 to 15 days a liquid fertilizer applied. Management often to the basin, to prevent the biased side of the blade, if unilateral timely righting. Temperature of 25 to 30 degrees, it can lead leaves leggy, long and narrow to affect the leaf viewing, so be sure to pay attention to cultivation of Clivia adjust room temperature.
[Alias] flag litmus
[families and genera and morphology]
Clivia is a mosaic of luxury tours and potted flowers, an Amaryllidaceae. Clivia leaves a beautiful state, the shape of the sword, so the flag, also known as litmus. Scale-like leaf base set of quartet built, like an emission thick flat fountain, and shiny. Clivia flowers widely funnel-shaped, was umbel, 10-18 gathered into a ball, taken out the leaves and stems, upright growth, petals 6 crack, orange-red flowers, blooming in winter and spring,
tods online shop, up to January. Clivia of Clivia species are generally divided into narrow leaves and large flowers, and vertical smile Clivia Clivia, commonly cultivated in the latter two.
[growth habit]
Clivia native to southern Africa, growth in the trees below, so neither hot nor cold fear, like the semi-shade and moist environment, fear of strong direct sunlight, The best growth temperature 18 - 22 between, 5 ℃ these, 30 ℃ or above, growth was inhibited. Clivia like ventilated environment, hi loose deep fertile soil, suitable for indoor culture.
[Reproduction and cultivation]
⑴ reproduction:
mainly ramets method and seeding method.
Clivia how ######ual reproduction?
Clivia breeding methods usually use only two: one is ######ual reproduction, that is, seed propagation method; the other is the a######ual reproduction of the Division propagation method. Large flowers Clivia more common with seed propagation. Propagation method has the advantage of the large scale propagation, in order to meet the needs of those from many gardening. But first the front page with seed propagation artificial pollination, it is best to grant different strains, different strains of pollination in the knot for the high rate of robust post-breeding plants by different strains generally knot ten; knot with only a few strains of pollination tablets.
pollination is: When the flower is 2-3 days after cracking, buds mature, the stigma mucus secretion, is the pollination time. Pollination, the stamens with the new brush dipped in the pollen falls gently vibrating the stigma of the pistil. To improve the rate of knot can be 9-10 am when the pollination between the hours of 2-3 pm 1. After about 8-9 months to mature seeds. When the skin gradually change from green to dark purple, they can cut out the ear, over 10-20 days after stripping out the seeds. Before sowing, the seeds were placed in warm water 30-35 ℃ for 20-30 minutes, remove, dry 1-2 hours (this time, such as 10% sodium phosphate solution can soak 20-30 minutes, then wash out immersed in water for 10-15 hours, the better), can be sown in the potting. planting pots placed at room temperature 20-25 ℃ environment, so humidity is maintained at about 90%, about 1-2 weeks the germination the radicle.
also do a good job for seed propagation is the first piece of work ready for potting. Production of training materials available to a lot of soil, but relatively easy to obtain a surface is taken from the woods to the loose soil with adequate humus, mixed with 1 / 3 of fine sand to clean.
Clivia prefer slightly acidic soil, the pH value of 6-6.5 for the appropriate. Clivia breeding by planting method does not require strict time, spring, autumn and winter can be planted, but the temperature is an important condition, the best temperature at 20-25 ℃ under the conditions of sowing, germination will be able to meet the temperature requirements of germ .
Clivia how to clone? A######ual reproduction
flower stem, tiller, layering, grafting and other methods, but generally only Clivia a######ual reproduction by ramets method, vertical smile Clivia use of this method is more common.
reproduction by ramets method, first do a few preparations: ① the family to be ready to flower pot, flower pot is best earthen pot, do not plan to buy ceramic pots and beautiful surface, ceramic, because they are poor ventilation, is not conducive to plant growth and development. ② ready to medium soil, it is best to be disinfected. Such as fine sand mixed with humus, and humus to use spray disinfectant potassium permanganate aqueous solution of 1000-2000 times; fine sand is also open water hot wash with boiling disinfection to prevent seedling rot infection by bacteria. ③ Apply for a little cut for charcoal powder to absorb moisture to prevent rotting purposes. ④ the sharp cutting knife grinding, and finally dried quickly in the Millstone grinding (without water) scores, to keep the blade height of fever, to kill bacteria.
ramets, the first Clivia mother plant from the pot to come along with places to remove soil and identify organs of ramets bud. If the outer sub-strains of the mother plants, plants with relatively small, you can hand hold the bulb part of the base of one hand and hold the sub-strains, torn about breaking off, you can handle breaking off from the parent strain; if the sub-strains of thick, broke off easily, you should with a sharp knife ready to cut it off. Breaking strength must not prevent damage Youzhu. Sub-lines cut off immediately after painting the wound with a dry powder of charcoal, to absorb the main stream fluid, to prevent rot. Then, the sub-strains grown on pots. Planting, planting depth to bury the base of sub-strains for the degree of false bulb, by the recruits and the site to make it slightly higher, and covered with sterile sand. Immediately after pouring a good kind of flooding, until the time of wound healing after 2 weeks, and then stamped with a layer of potting. Usually give birth to 1-2 months, subject to the new root, 1-2-year flowering. Clivia breeding with ramets method, genetic relatively stable and can maintain the various features of the original species.
⑵ soil cultivation
①:
Clivia suitable for use with humus-rich soil, this soil permeability, water permeability is good, and fertile soil, with a slightly acidic (pH6 .5). In the humus soil into about 20% sand, is conducive to raising the root. When planting pots with plant growth with a gradual increase in the time, when planting seedlings a year for 3-inch pots. 5-inch pots for the second year, after each had 1 - 2 years for pot into a larger size, change a basin in the spring and autumn for.
② watering:
Clivia has a more developed fleshy root,
tods shoes online, root storage of a certain amount of water, so this relatively drought-tolerant flowers. However, drought-tolerant flowers nor a serious water shortage, especially in the summer heat with air-dry conditions water can not be forgotten in time, otherwise, the root of flowers, leaves will be damaged, leading to no germination of new leaves, old leaves Focus assessment, not only affects the flowering plants and even cause death. However, too much water will rot. So to take advantage of, often wet and dry conditions Pentu attention, there will pour a semi, but the amount of water is not appropriate, hold basin is tidal and not run right.
then poured a few days, what then? In general, the spring water per day 1; summer watering, small spray bottle will be available around the ground with leaves and water, sunny day pouring 2; autumn day pouring 1; winter poured the next day 1; once per week in winter water or less. It must be noted here refers to the Must be with a variety of specific circumstances, flexible. For example, sunny to pouring more; cloudy less water, poured a continuous cloudy days are back every few days; not pouring rain. High temperature, dry air pouring several times a day; pots large, due to soil water storage within a large and difficult to air-dry, water may be less; pot is small, easy to evaporate water, more water should be adequate. Pots placed in a ventilated, and easy evaporation where water should be more than adequate; ventilation is poor, slow evaporation, where the air humidity should be less water. Seedling stage may reduce the casting; flowering need more water. In short, as the case may be, to ensure Pentu soft, not to be too dry, too humid principle.
conditional, of course, the best use of magnetized water; followed by rain, snow, or rivers in the flowing water, and then the water in the pond, the worst is tap water. Live in big cities who plant flowers in the only water available, then it can be a small tank or bowl with a bucket, to tap into them, every 2-3 days and then poured. This allows some of the harmful impurities in water precipitation. In addition, the material can be contained in the water oxidation and purification, but also the temperature of the water near the basin earth's moisture, not too cold or too hot, the plants suffer.
③ fertilization:
flowers in many hi fertilizer, but fertilizer flower fertilizer hi there is a limit also, excessive fertilization, negative growth, even into the plant rot or scorch. Clivia plants also fall into this category must be adequate fertilization.
flowers in different stages of growth and development of the nutrient requirements are different. So it should be taken in different periods for different plants need fertilization. If applied base fertilizer, top dressing, root external fertilization.
(1) Shi basal (or basal). Purpose is to create the conditions for plant growth and development to meet their nutrient needs. Clivia base fertilizer should be applied once every 2 years when Huanpen. Commonly used in applied manure into the soil (ie, manure), compost, green manure, fertilizer and other bean.
(2) top-dressing. Mainly to promote plant growth. Clivia can use cake, fish meal, bone meal and other fertilizers. Some early planted small facilities, with plant growth and subsequent increase in leaves, also will be gradually increased fertilizer, fertilizer application, the clawed Pentu applied into the soil 2-3 cm deep can be, but to note that The fertilizer was applied to not be too close to the root system, so as not to burn roots. Shi Shi such a solid fertilizer once a month is enough general, not appropriate to close.
(3) liquid fertilizer topdressing. Topdressing fertilizer is soaked retting of plants and animals have the maturity of the supernatant against the after pouring water on the 30-40 of the facilities in the basin earth. Small seedlings should be poured on the water 40 times, the seedlings should be 30 times of water, large seedlings can be only 20 times in water. After pouring liquid fertilizer every 1-2 days and then poured to the first water (water should not be many), so that fertilizer in the infiltration basin earth put roots, give full play to fertilizer. 1-2 days prior to pouring liquid fertilizer applied not watering, compared to Pentu liquid fertilizer and then do some more effective. Fertilizer, preferably in the morning; casting facilities, they should make fertilizer solution poured into the basin edge along, careful to avoid plants and facilities in the leaves.
In addition, the fertilizer varieties should be based on different seasons, different fertilizers applied. Such as spring and winter should be applied more phosphorus, potassium, such as fish meal, bone meal, linseed Meal, etc., conducive to the formation of veins and increase the gloss of leaves; and fall of these facilities are advised to maturity of the animal hair, horns, hooves or soybean meal in extract, diluted 30-40 times with water after pouring against the facilities, encourage leaf growth.
(4) foliage top dressing. Fertilization in this way, mainly to make up for deficiencies in soil nutrients in order to solve the problem of Plants Quefei so that seedlings grow fast, grow flowers, fruit hypertrophy. Root external fertilization is to dilute the liquid fertilizer sprayed mist directly in the plant leaf surface, so that nutrients through the stomata into leaf epidermal cells and re-exports to the plant leaves the body within the organization. Commonly used varieties of fertilizer urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate and so on. Spray when spraying to the leaves of both sides evenly. Growing season spray 1 4-6 days, half the time sleep 1 2 weeks, usually after sunrise spraying should be stopped immediately after flowering facilities, must be noted that this method found only in the case of plants Quefei can only be used. If the plant nutrition, growth and strong, is not appropriate. The medicinal value
】 【Clivia
we all know, Clivia beautiful, tall, strong ornamental; Clivia also release a large amount of oxygen, is the family In fact, in addition, Clivia still has high medicinal value, the whole plant can be used as medicine. Clivia Plants contain Lycorine (Iycorine) and Clivia base (Clidine), also contains selenium, and now workers using drugs containing the chemical composition of Clivia plants for scientific research body, and has been used to treat cancer, hepatitis disease cirrhosis and spinal cord gray matter viruses. The experiment shows that, Clivia leaves and roots extracted Lycorine, not only antiviral but also anti-cancer effect.
confirmed by testing the anticancer activity of lycorine, mainly for the aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis of cancer cells significantly inhibited. Lycorine the positively charged quaternary ammonium salt, can be negatively charged and the combination of tumor cells, while negatively charged ions of phenol, it can enter the tumor cells with positive charge inside, which play a role in cancer .
Lycorine mainly for gastrointestinal tumors, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer treatment, etc., of lymphoma, lung cancer also have a certain effect. February 18, 1985 Lycorine only has this role,
tods handbags, there are obvious symptoms and function, its emetic effect is stronger than emetine. Meanwhile, the Lycorine low toxicity, can be used for various types of cancer treatment.
common viruses】 【several common
Clivia have southern blight, soft rot, anthracnose and so on.
(1) southern blight. The disease occurs when the stem near the roots appear Shui Zizhuang irregular brown spots, soft rot cortex, and then give birth to a white silk-like mycelium in the rhizosphere soil surface spread of late into small sclerotia, like rapeseed last Condition , extended to the entire base of the decay necrosis.
control methods: ① the pots before potting to be sterilized. Relatively simple method is to cultivate the soil temperature at 60 ℃ for 24 hours; ② often to observe the soil surface and found a white line that is taken out burned bacteria and disease around the hole and sprinkle lime powder and disinfection; ③ the early stages, in plants around the base of the stem base and soil water 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, 1 week, 2-3 times.
(2) rot. Bacteria often invade from the wound. Disease, the leaves appear yellow Shui Zizhuang spots expand into the rules after the lesion, the leaves turn brown soft rot with objects at a bacterium out of the wound lesion.
control methods: ① Once the disease should be immediately separated from the diseased plants, and prized around the potting plants, exposed to disease site and broke the rotten diseased leaves, using sterile Daogua to decay and, appropriate sunlight exposure, ventilated drying; ② many plants, such as perishable must be total removal of the diseased tissue with 5% potassium permanganate solution soak 1 hour, rinse dry, ash applied in the incision, another one in potted plants, placed in temperature ventilation at low; ③ drugs penicillin or streptomycin or Oxytetracycline can add smear 4000-5000 times the aqueous spray or lesion, there is a certain effect.
(3) of anthrax. The disease mostly occurs in hot and humid rainy season, the incidence of multiple sites in the tip and leaf edge. Initially appears wet leaves like small brownish spots, then expand into an oval and the main lesion with the waves, surrounded by yellow, gradually shrinking the late dry. Pentu too wet, too much nitrogen-prone disease.
control methods: ① to ventilation and lighting to give pot a good environment,
tods online shop, Pentu should only moist, not too much water too close. Increased phosphorus, potash, nitrogen control. ② ill omen that, immediately carbendazim with 50% of the wettable powder plus 800 times the water into the solution, or 60% of the anthrax Fu Canada spraying a solution of water, 1000 times, about 6 days 1 spray, spray 3-5 can be effective.
】 【common pests common
Clivia is scale insect pests, the occurrence of pests, the scale insects often gathered in the leaves of young shoots, and draw leaf fluid, secrete a large number of bacteria, so that shoots into the black mold , resulting in sooty mold, and to leaf blight. The insects breed strong a year, there were several generations of a breeding female adults can often be hundreds, if not to take preventive measures, can cause death.
control methods: should be on prevention. Plants usually have to always pay attention to look at the body, found that pest, early addition to governance, to prevent the spread. In addition to treatment scale insects can be artificial, drug use both at the same time. If there is only a 2 leaf tip that pests can be used for manual scraping with a thin tapered strips of wood or bamboo skewer to parasites picked off. If a large number of nymphs, 25% of available milk Phosmet 1000 times Pensha not, can also be used plus 40% of 1000-1500 times Omethoate emulsion spray water into the solution. General spraying 1-2 times can be killed.
Also, note that: Clivia earthworms will also become pests. Clivia plants in the young period, the meat is very tender and weak roots, if there are earthworms basin earth, it is often full of Luanzuan so tender root injury, damage to the function of Clivia absorb nutrients, the plants stop growth or cause rot. Control methods are: to always pay attention to the surface there is no circular basin earth soil particles (ie earthworm excrement), if found, can immediately add 50% DDVP emulsion made from 1500-2000 times solution of irrigation water. After casting earthworms crowds are immediately removed; every once a week and then the same can be divisible by earthworms. Management of
winter Clivia Clivia South African origin, is a perennial evergreen herb flowers, warm hi cool climate, fear of high temperature and cold, summer dormancy, fall and winter growth, therefore, enhance winter Growing support tube is the key. The main points are as follows:
a fertilization rate of vegetative growth in winter Clivia fastest, most nutrients need, therefore, applied a good winter fertilizer is very important. Before the use of bone meal pot burglary, fried sesame seeds, cooked soybeans or fertilizer every 15 to 20 days on irrigated Shi 1, can also be used animal and plant debris soaking water roots. Short maturity of fertilizer applied to do to prevent the concentration of fertilizer damage.
Second, as the fleshy roots of Clivia watering, good air fear of water damage. In addition, Clivia leaves have a waxy layer, the low winter temperatures, water transpiration, evaporation is less. So not too much water, just water with fertilizer, you can hold basin moist. Flood irrigation must not be large, resulting in rot Simiao.
three, holding Clivia optimum growth temperature of 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, 10 ℃ stop growing, 0 ℃ subject to frost damage. Thus, the winter to heat antifreeze. After the stem out, maintaining 18 ℃ or so. Temperature, leaf, flower moss leggy thin, poor quality and small flowers, flowering period is short; the temperature is too low, the stems short, easy to clip the arrow preterm (flowering), affect the quality and reduce the ornamental value.
four scattered light dimming Clivia Hi, avoid direct light. In winter maintenance, flower pots light enough to be on the place. Especially in the light before flowering to have a good, sturdy favorable bud development. Proper cooling after flowering, to avoid glare, maintain good ventilation will help extend the flowering period.
five, retaining strong leaf fertilizer flowers, flowers and green leaves, leaves short, broad, thick, green, bright, very healthy Clivia features to improve the promotion of flowering ornamental value basis. Maintaining a strong quality of the leaf, in addition to fertilizer to provide reasonable, but must be kept clean and leaves to increase photosynthetic efficiency. Leaf protection method, first, wash the leaves regularly, the same or Kaimo contaminated water was sprayed on the dusty leaves, keep foliage clean; Second,
tod shoes, timely application of fungicide to prevent leaf spot, leaf blight, stalk rot place to ensure that green leaves, showy flowers. (Source:
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