二十四节气之秋分养生篇

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“斗指己为秋分，南北两半球昼夜均分，又适当秋之半，故名也。”太阳黄经为180度，阳历时间为每年的九月 二十二至二十四日。按旧历说，秋分刚好是秋季九十天的中分点。正如春分一样，阳光几乎直射赤道，昼夜时间的 长短再次相等，可以说秋分是一个相当特殊的日子。从这一天起，阳光直射的位置继续由赤道向南半球推移，北半 球开始昼短夜长。《春秋繁录》中记载：“秋分者，阴阳相半也，故昼夜均而寒暑平。”在天文学上，则把秋分作 为夏季的结束和秋季的开始。确切地说，北半球的秋天是从秋分开始的。这时，我国大部分地区已经进入凉爽的秋 季，南下的冷空气与逐渐衰减的暖湿空气相遇，产生一次次的降水，气温也一次次地下降。正如人们常所说的那样 ，到了“一场秋雨一场寒”的时候，但秋分之后的日降水量不会很大。此时，南、北方的田间耕作各有不同。在我 国的华北地区有农谚说：“白露早，寒露迟，秋分种麦正当时。”谚语中明确规定了该地区播种冬小麦的时间;而 “秋分天气白云来，处处好歌好稻栽”则反映出江南地区播种水稻的时间。此外，劳动人民对秋分节气的禁忌也总 结成谚语，如“秋分只怕雷电闪，多来米价贵如何”。
因为秋分节气已经真正进入到秋季，作为昼夜时间相等的节气，人们在养生中也应本着阴阳平衡的规律，使机体保 持“阴平阳秘”的原则，按照《素问·至真要大论》所说：“谨察阴阳之所在，以平为期”，阴阳所在不可出现偏 颇。
精神调养最主要的是培养乐观情绪，保持神志安宁，避肃杀之气，收敛神气，适应秋天平容之气。体质调养可选择 我国古代民间九九重阳(阴历重阳节)登高观景之习俗，登高远眺，可使人心旷神怡，所有的忧郁、惆怅等不良情 绪顿然消散，这是养生中的养收之一法，也是调节精神的一方良剂。
在饮食调养上，中医也是从阴阳平衡方面作为出发点，将饮食分为宜与忌。有利于阴平阳秘则为宜，反之为忌。不 同的人有其不同的宜忌，如对于那些阴气不足，而阳气有余的老年人，则应忌食大热峻补之品;对发育中的儿童， 如无特殊原因也不宜过分进补;对痰湿质人应忌食油腻;木火质人应忌食辛辣;对患有皮肤病、哮喘的人应忌食虾 、蟹等海产品;对胃寒的人应忌食生冷食物等,ad健腹机价格。不论是哪种人，其实质都应防止实者更实、虚者更虚而导致阴阳失调。饮食调养方面要体现“虚则补之，实则泻 之”;“寒者热之，热者寒之”的原则。做到《素问·上古天真论》所说的：“其知道者，法于阴阳，和于术数， 饮食有节”。在食物搭配和饮食调剂方面，中医也是注重调和阴阳的。在食与药的一体营养观中，强调同属天然产 物的中药和食物，某些性质，特别是补益或调养人体的阴阳气血之功能本来就是相通的，有着水乳交 融,ad收腹运动机第一代，密不可分的关系。从本草、方剂典籍中不难发现食药同用的例证，古代医者把乌鸡、羊肉、驴皮、葱、姜、枣等 视为阴阳气血之用，或调补胃气之用;而在大量的食谱和菜肴中，又不难发现有很多药材配伍其中如，枸杞、淮山 、黄芪、茯苓、丁香、豆蔻、桂皮之类。当药食调配得当时，可提高食品保健强身和防止疾病的功效 。
数千年来的饮食文化历史表明,ad收腹运动机，中华民族的饮食习惯是在素食的基础上，力求荤素搭配，全面膳食。所谓全面膳食就是要求长期或经常在饮食内 容上尽量做到多样化，讲究荤素食、主副食、正餐和零食，饮和食之间的合理搭配。主张食而不偏，量不可过。对 于一味追求山珍海味、鸡鸭鱼肉、美酒名茶、大吃大喝及过分孤苦清素的做法都是不可取的。李时珍曾讲：“饮食 者，人之命脉也”，这是告诉我们要想延年益寿，就应该了解食物的性能和饮食的作用。
古代医家在长期的生活实践中把食物的性能归纳为三大类,ad健腹机，即寒凉类、平性类、温热类。其中以常见的三百多中食物统计数字看，平性食物居多，温热性次之，寒凉性更次 之。
就其作用而言，寒凉性食物多有滋阴、清热、泻火、凉血、解毒作用，这类食物包括有西瓜、甜瓜、香蕉、甘蔗、 芒果、枇杷、苹果、梨、柿子、荸荠、菱角、桑葚、番茄、黄瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、白萝卜、丝瓜、莲藕、茭白、竹笋 、慈姑、厥菜、马齿苋、芹菜、淡豆豉、海藻、海带、螃蟹等等。
温热性食物多有温经、助阳、活血、通络、散寒等作用，其中辣椒、花椒、芥子、鳟鱼等为热性食物，樱桃、荔枝 、龙眼、杏、石榴、栗子、大枣、胡桃仁、大蒜、南瓜、生葱、姜、韭菜、小茴香、鳝鱼、鲢鱼、淡菜、虾、海参 、鸡肉、羊肉、鹿肉、火腿、鹅蛋等为温性食物。
平性食物有李子、无花果、葡萄、白果、百合、莲子、花生、榛子、黑芝麻、黑白木耳、黄花菜、洋葱、土豆、黑 、赤、黄豆、扁豆、豇豆、圆白菜、芋头、胡萝卜、白菜、香椿、青蒿、大头菜、海蜇、黄鱼、鲤鱼、猪肉、猪蹄 、牛肉、甲鱼、鹅肉、鹌鹑、鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋、鸽蛋、蜂蜜、牛奶等等。
我们在平日的饮食搭配上应根据食物的性质和作用合理调配，做到因时、因地、因人、因病之不同的辨证用膳，这 也是避免机体早衰，保证机体正气旺盛的重要条件之一。历代医家和养生家之所以重视养护正气，是将其视为机体 强壮的根本所在。
在二十四节气养生篇的最后一篇，为朋友们选择了《寿亲养老新书》中关于如何保养正气的精辟之言作为结束语， 书中讲到：“一者少言语，养内气;二者戒色欲，养精气;三者薄滋味，养血气;四者咽津液，养脏气;五者莫嗔 怒，养肝气;六者美饮食，养胃气;七者少思虑，养心气……”。由此可见，此乃延年益寿之根本* **。
秋分节气食谱：
油酱毛蟹：
[配料]河蟹500克(海蟹亦可)，姜、葱、醋、酱油、白糖、干面粉、味精、黄酒、淀粉、食油各适量。
[做法]将蟹清洗干净，斩去尖爪，蟹肚朝上齐正中斩成两半，挖去蟹鳃，蟹肚被斩剖处摸上干面粉。将锅烧热，放油滑锅 烧至五成熟，将蟹(摸面粉的一面朝下)入锅煎炸，待蟹呈黄色后，翻身再炸，使蟹四面受热均匀，至蟹壳发红时 ，加入葱姜末、黄酒、醋、酱油、白糖、清水、烧八分钟左右至蟹肉全部熟透后，收浓汤汁，入味精，再用水淀粉 勾芡，淋上少量明油出锅即可。
[功效]益阴补髓，清热散瘀。
海米炝竹笋：
[配料]竹笋400克，海米25克，料酒、盐、味精、高汤、植物油各适量。
[做法]竹笋洗净，用刀背拍松，切成4厘米长段，再切成一字条，放入沸水锅中焯去涩味，捞出过凉水。将油入锅烧至四 成热，投入竹笋稍炸，捞出淋干油。锅内留少量底油，把竹笋、高汤、盐略烧，入味后出锅;再将炒锅放油，烧至 五成热，下海米烹入料酒，高汤少许，加味精，将竹笋倒入锅中翻炒均匀装盘即可。
[功效]清热消痰，祛风托毒。
甘蔗粥：
[配料]甘蔗汁800毫升，高粱米200克。
[做法]甘蔗洗静榨汁，高粱米淘洗干净，将甘蔗汁与高粱米通入锅中，再加入适量的清水，煮成薄粥即可。
[功效]补脾消食，清热生津。服法：早晚空腹服食，每次食金橘饼1个。
功效：益气，健脾，化湿。适用于脾气亏虚、胃纳欠佳、气短体瘦、大便稀溏等病症。

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